【双语新闻】特朗普关税可能导致美国人生活成本上升的六项商品
作者：微信文章US President Donald Trump has sparked a trade war by announcing tariffs on imports from his country's neighbours Canada and Mexico.
美国总统唐纳德·特朗普宣布对来自加拿大和墨西哥的进口产品征收关税，引发了一场贸易战。
Canada has responded in kind, and Mexico has also said it will retaliate. The three countries have deeply integrated economies and supply chains, with an estimated $2bn (£1.6bn) worth of manufactured goods crossing the borders daily.
加拿大已予以回击，墨西哥也表示将采取行动。 这三个国家的经济与供应链高度一体化， 每天约有价值20亿美元的制成品跨境流通。
Trump says he wants to protect American industry, but many economists warn the taxes could lead to prices rising for consumers in the US.
特朗普表示，他希望保护美国工业，但许多经济学家警告，这些税收可能导致美国消费者承担更高的商品价格。
That's because tariffs are paid by the domestic company importing the goods.
因为关税实际上是由进口商品的美国公司支付的。
However, the full impact may not be felt by the consumer. Some exporters could cut their prices to protect sales, or importers may choose to pass the cost on to customers directly, or to reduce imports which would mean fewer products available.
不过，消费者可能不会完全感受到这些影响。 一些出口商可以降价以保护销售，或者进口商可以选择将成本直接转嫁给客户， 又或者减少进口，这意味着可用的产品更少。
So what could get more expensive?
那么什么会变得更贵呢？
Cars
1. 汽车
Cars are likely to go up in price - by about $3,000 according to TD Economics.
根据TD Economics的数据，汽车价格可能会上涨约3，000美元。
That's because parts cross the US, Canadian and Mexican borders multiple times before a vehicle is assembled.
这是因为在车辆组装之前，零部件在美国、加拿大和墨西哥三国间多次流通。
As a result of higher taxes paid on the importing of parts to build the cars, it is likely the costs will be passed on to customers.
关税使得制造成本上升，最终转嫁到消费者上。
"Suffice it to say that disrupting these trends through tariffs... would come with significant costs," said Andrew Foran, an economist at TD Economics.
TD Economics的经济学家安德鲁·福兰表示： “可以说，通过关税扰乱这些趋势将会带来重大代价。”
He added "uninterrupted free trade" in the car-making sector had "existed for decades", which had led to lower prices for consumers.
他补充道，汽车制造业"畅通无阻的自由贸易"状态"已持续数十年"，从而降低了消费者的购车成本。
Beer, Tennessee whiskey and tequila
啤酒、田纳西威士忌和龙舌兰酒
Popular Mexican beers Modelo and Corona could get more expensive for US customers if the American companies importing them pass on the increased import taxes.
如果进口墨西哥啤酒Modelo和Corona的美国公司将增加的进口税转嫁给消费者，那么对美国消费者来说，这两种啤酒的价格可能会上涨。
However, it's also possible that rather than passing on the cost increase, firms could just import less.
然而，也有可能企业不会转嫁成本的增加，而是减少进口。
Modelo became the number one beer brand in the US in 2023, and remains in the top spot, for now.
Modelo于2023年成为美国第一啤酒品牌，目前仍位居榜首。
It's more complex when it comes to spirits. The sector has been largely free of tariffs since the 1990s. Industry bodies from the US, Canada and Mexico issued a joint statement in advance of the tariffs being announced saying they were "deeply concerned".
当谈到烈酒时，情况就更加复杂了。 自20世纪90年代以来，该行业基本上免税。 美国、加拿大和墨西哥的行业协会在关税政策出台前发表联合声明，称对此“深表忧虑”。
They say that certain brands, such as Bourbon, Tennessee whiskey, tequila and Canadian whisky are "recognized as distinctive products and can only be produced in their designated countries".
他们说某些品牌，例如波旁威士忌、田纳西威士忌， 龙舌兰酒和加拿大威士忌“被公认为特色产品产品，只能在其指定国家生产”。
So given the production of these drinks cannot simply be moved, supplies might be impacted, leading to price rises. The trade bodies also highlighted that many companies own different spirit brands in all three countries.
鉴于这些酒类生产无法轻易转移产地，供应恐将受限进而推高价格。 贸易组织还强调，众多公司在这三个国家均持有不同的烈酒品牌。
Houses
房屋
Imports of Canadian lumber are set to be hit by import tariffs to the US. Trump has said the US has "more lumber than we ever use".
加拿大木材的对美出口将受关税冲击。 特朗普曾表示，美国“木材储量远超消耗量”。
However, the National Association of Home Builders has urged the president to exempt building materials from the proposed tariffs "because of their harmful effect on housing affordability".
然而，全美住宅建筑商协会呼吁总统豁免建材关税，因其“住房可负担性造成负面效应”。
The industry body has "serious concerns" that the tariffs on lumber could increase the cost of building homes - which are mostly made out of wood in the US - and also put off developers building new homes.
该协会“严重担忧” 木材关税可能会增加建房成本，并抑制开发商建造新房的意愿——美国房屋主要采用木结构。
"Consumers end up paying for the tariffs in the form of higher home prices," the NAHB said.
全美住宅建筑商协会表示：“消费者终将通过更高房价承担关税成本。”
Maple syrup
枫糖浆
When it comes to the trade war with Canada, the "most obvious" household impact is on the price of Canadian maple syrup, according to Thomas Sampson, associate professor of economics at the London School of Economics.
伦敦政经学院经济学副教授托马斯·桑普森指出，美加贸易战中， “最直观”的家庭消费影响体现在加拿大枫糖浆价格上。
Canada's billion-dollar maple syrup industry accounts for 75% of the world's entire maple syrup production.
加拿大价值数十亿美元的枫糖浆产业占全球枫糖浆产量的75%。
The majority of the sweet staple - around 90% - is produced in the province of Quebec, where the world's sole strategic reserve of maple syrup was set up 24 years ago.
其中约90%产自魁北克省， 24年前，这里建立了世界上唯一的枫糖浆战略储备。
"That maple syrup is going to become more expensive. And that's a direct price increase that households will face," Mr Sampson said.
桑普森表示：“枫糖浆将会变得更贵。 这将是家庭面临的直接成本上涨。”
"If I buy goods that are domestically produced in the US, but that are produced using inputs from Canada, the price of those goods is also going to go up," he added.
他补充道：“如果购买美国国内生产的商品，但是，若其生产依赖加拿大原材料， 价格同样会攀升。”
Fuel prices
燃料价格
Canada is America's largest foreign supplier of crude oil. According to the most recent official trade figures, 61% of oil imported into the US between January and November last year came from Canada.
加拿大是美国最大原油进口供应国。 官方最新贸易数据显示，去年1至11月美国61%的进口原油来自加拿大。
While 25% has been slapped on Canadian goods imported to the US, its energy faces a lower 10% tariff.
加拿大输美商品面临着25%的关税，其能源产品仅征收10%关税。
Now the US doesn't have a shortage of oil, but the type its refineries are designed to process means it depends on so-called "heavier" - i.e. thicker - crude oil from mostly Canada and some from Mexico.
尽管美国原油储备充足，但本土炼油厂设备专为加工"重质原油"设计， 这种原油主要来自加拿大及墨西哥。
"Many refineries need heavier crude oil to maximize flexibility of gasoline, diesel and jet fuel production," according to the American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers.
美国燃料与石化制造商协会指出： “多数炼厂需用重质原油最大化汽油、柴油及航空燃油的生产弹性。”
That means if Canada decided in its retaliation to the US tariffs to reduce crude oil exports, that could lead to prices rising at the gas pumps.
若加拿大为反制关税削减原油出口，加油站油价恐将上涨。
Avocados
牛油果
One food import that American consumers may see a significant price increase in is avocados. Grown primarily in Mexico due to its warm, humid climate, Mexican avocados make up nearly 90% of the US avocado market each year.
墨西哥牛油果或将成为美国消费者面临的涨价显著的进口食品之一。 因当地温暖湿润的气候，墨西哥成为牛油果主要产区，每年占据美国近90%市场份额。
However, with the introduction of new tariffs, the US Agriculture Department has warned that the cost of avocados - along with popular avocado-based dishes like guacamole - could surge, especially by Super Bowl Sunday on 9 February.
然而，随着新关税实施， 美国农业部警告称牛油果及鳄梨酱等衍生食品价格可能飙升， 尤其影响2月9日"超级碗周日"消费高峰。
素材来源：iYuba
长按上方二维码，下载英语日报APP
提问：“关税”用英文怎么说？
查看下方答案▼Tariff
快来点赞、在看吧
页:
[1]