爆炸不产生热量以色列发现爆炸物新特性

live

　　本报特拉维夫1月8日电 记者田学科 TATP是一种爆炸威力巨大，且容易自制的爆炸物，它的配方和原料甚至在网上就可以找到或买到，是目前恐怖分子经常使用的一种爆炸物。然而，TATP也是一种极为敏感的爆炸物，轻微的摩擦就可能引发爆炸，许多自制者因此而丧命。最新的研究表明，TATP又是一种十分奇特的爆炸物，在爆炸时不产生热量。

　　以色列理工学院化学系主任凯南教授领导的研究小组通过长期研究发现，与所有其它常规爆炸物不同的是，TATP是通过将每个固态分子迅速地分解为四个气态分子，而产生爆炸的，在爆炸过程中并不产生热量。这种罕见的现象科学上称之为“熵爆炸”。

　　研究人员认为，自从炸药被发明以后，无论是在军用还是民用时，人们见到的爆炸物的爆炸过程都是一个巨大的能量释放过程，并伴随着热量的产生。从这点上说，爆炸物与燃料没有什么不同，都在爆炸或燃烧过程中释放出热。然而，TATP在爆炸过程中没有热量产生的奇特现象，使人们对爆炸物又有了一个新的认识。他们的这一研究成果发表在最新出版的《美国化学协会杂志》上。

　　另外，凯南等人已经根据TATP及其它过氧化物家族爆炸物的特点，发明了一种特殊的爆炸物检测装置，这种装置被命名为“过氧化物爆炸物检测器（PET）”。它类似于一个三色圆珠笔，可以释放三种化学混合剂，这些混合剂遇到含有爆炸物的可疑物质时将改变颜色，以此鉴别出TATP等爆炸物。  


来源：《科技日报》

声波wV+

不产生热量。
看来主要是靠冲击波发挥威力。

polyhedron

Originally posted by live at 2005-1-16 22:20:
　　本报特拉维夫1月8日电 记者田学科 TATP是一种爆炸威力巨大，且容易自制的爆炸物，它的配方和原料甚至在网上就可以找到或买到，是目前恐怖分子经常使用的一种爆炸物。然而，TATP也是一种极为敏感的爆炸物，轻 ...

没听说过这种炸药，网上查了一下，似乎很好做。
triaceton triperoxide，三过氧化三丙酮，是个环形结构，用双氧水攻击羰基脱水形成。
找到一个DIY炸药的网站，对TATP介绍如下：(网站里的结构式是错的，所以我不保证网站其它内容是正确的！自己做的话炸死了别赖我)

http://members.tripod.com/chill_15/

TATP (Triacetone Triperoxide)  Contents

Det vel: 3750m/sec @ 0.92g's/cubic cm > 5300m/sec @ 1.18g's/cubic cm
Appearance: White powder looks like white sugar or finer. It has a strong smell.
Power: 80% the power of TNT, is slightly less powerful than HMTD.

This explosive is the most sensitive explosive ive made. It is very easy to make from common ingredients. This is the explosive terrorists like suicide bombers use, which often explodes before it was ment too. Its a fairly powerfull explosive that is extremely sensitive to FRICTION, HEAT & SHOCK. The military do not even use it because of its unstability and sensitivity. This explosive is very effective when used in detonating caps (it is more powerfull than the stuff pro's use). This is my fav explosive, its easy to make and you get good yeilds from the procedure and its also easily ignited by flame. When you ignite a small amount it pops and makes a small fire ball. It also has a fairly fast detonation velocity. TATP also goes under other names such as AP, TCAP, acetone peroxide and tricycloacetone peroxide. TATP is more sensitive than nitroglycerine, which is in dynamite. When a small amount of TATP crystals is ignited it pops and makes a cool fireball (looks like a mini nuclear explosion.) If you have an accident with an explosive, this will be the one.



Things you must know:

1. Never allow this explosive to be near heat sorces or the sun!

2. Do not be rough with the explosive (I was taping powder out of a container and BOOM!)

3. It will explode even if wet!

4. Extremely sensitive, handle with great care!


My opinion:

TATP is a very sensitive explosive compared to any other explosives ive used, but can be used safely. its a very dangerous explosive ive had a few accidents while drying and compacting the powder, im so lucky im still live cause ive had a small accident  about 1m from a block of TATP plastic explosive which was quite a big one and if it went off it wouldve killed me and the shed i was in. Only make this explosive if you are good at handleing sensitive things.



Chemicals needed:


From left to right:

Hydrogen Peroxide 6% - I used Napisan "IN WASH Liquid Stain Remover" from Cole's or Woolworth's (Its a white container with a blue lid) NOTE: the label should say "59g/L HYDROGEN PEROXIDE" if it doesn't say it on there don't get it! and the liquid is blue. or if this cant be found buy a 400 ml bottle of HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 6% from the pharmacy, its about $5 and its in a brown glass bottle. Better picture Chemical formula: H2O2

Hydrochloric Acid 30% - Get this at the hardware store, you can buy it in 500 ml bottles and 2.5L bottles. The bottle is black with a red lid. The label is a green colour and it should say 300g/l hydrochloric acid this means it is 30% concentration. This acid is used to clean bricks and cement and also to lower the pH in pools. Chemical formula: HCL

Acetone - You can also get this from hardware stores. You can buy the acetone in 500 ml, 1L & 4L cans with green labels, its cheaper than buying it in plastic bottles, and you get more acetone. Acetone is used as a solvent for glues and something else.


Procedure:

1. Put all the chemicals in the fridge to cool them down to about 4-10oC.

2. Place 200ml of peroxide into a 500ml glass or plastic container, then add 150ml of acetone and stir.

3. 50ml of HCL is added (It changes from clear/blue to a red color) this is then stired for 3 minutes.

4. Put the container into a fridge for 5 days. During these few days TATP crystals will form.

5. After 5 days remove from fridge and add some water to the solution.

6. give it a good stir so all the crystals are suspended in the liquid. This is left to settle while you prepare a filter.

7. You can get coffee filters in supermarkets, these filters rip easily so tip liquids in slowly and don't move the
filter around too much. Place the filter in a funnel then place the funnel in another jar.  



8. When the crystals are settled to the bottom of the jar, tip off the top liquid into the filter keeping most of the crystals in the jar. Keep filling the filter until the crystals start to tip out the jar, when this happens top the jar back up with water and stir it again and let the crystals settle to the bottom. Then start tipping it in the filter again. Now when the crystals look white, tip all of the crystals into the filter and wait......When the filter stops dripping and there's a heap of damp crystals in the filter, scoop them out and spread them out on a sheet of newspaper to aid drying. NOT IN THE SUN! dry it in a shed that's not to warm, not near the roof! When dry scoop up the crystals (BECARFULL EXTREMELY FRICTION SENSITIVE!) and put them in small containers, and place the containers in a very cool place.

9. Your done!




Chemistry: Contents

3(H202) + 3 (CH3 COCH3) -----> C9 H18 O6 + 3(H20)

This means 3 H. peroxide molecules + 3 Acetone molecules = 1 TATP molecule + 3 water molecules.

   

You could also get a small amount of The "dimer" form of acetone peroxide called Dicycloacetone peroxide. This "dimer" version is formed rather than "trimer" version when there is heat in the reaction you must keep it as cold as possible for best yeild of TATP.

The procedure shown here produces a bit of heat, which could possibly cause the fromation of  some  "dimer" form. I was just thinking of divideing the 50mls of acid into 3 portions (which would be about 17mls each)  and adding them over a longer period of time to keep the solution from heating. (1 portion is slowly added and stired for 3mins then pop it in the fridge. After 30mins remove the solution and add slowly another portion and stir for 3 mins and put it back in the fridge. After 30mins remove and add last portion slowly........... this is then left for a few days. Then it is filered....... You could try it if you use my method to make TATP. If you get a better yeild email me and tell me! Im curious to see if it'll work.

2(H202) + 2 (CH3 COCH3) -------> C6 H12 O4 + 2(H2O)

   

As you can see, the dimer form only need's two molecules of each H.peroxide and Acetone. This may seem more efficent than for TATP. But! Your only getting more powder that is less powerfull. Its better to have a small amount of explosive which is powerfull rather than a large amount of explosive which isnt as powerfull. Compare the chemical formulas for both the "trimer" C9 H18 O6 and "dimer" C6 H12 O4. As you can see there is more C (carbon), H (Hydrogen) and O (Oxygen) in TATP. This means there will be more gases generated by the trimer rather than the dimer.

If you think i forgot the acid in the equation your wrong! The acid is a catalyst (starts the reaction).

其实更方便的炸药我也做过，不过是当砸炮玩的，可惜比较脏。