5种猫咪能吃的人类食物（转载）

小二黑

因为mimo开始抢我早餐的馒头，所以找来这篇文章，贴上来以飨各位猫爸妈。

5种猫咪能吃的人类食物
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译者：yancanfly原文作者：Jane McGrath
发布：2011-03-10 15:04:24双语对照 | 查看译者版本 | 收藏本文

It can be hard to resist spoiling your beautiful feline friend with a special treat from the dinner table. But as wise cat owners know, many human foods can be unsafe for your cat because we have vastly different nutritional needs from them. Even some kinds of food your cat loves and begs for might wreak havoc on your lovable furball's digestive system.

    你会出于喜爱而从饭桌上夹些食物给你的猫咪朋友，但是聪明的养猫者都知道，许多人类食物会对猫咪的健康产生威胁，因为毕竟人类与猫科动物的营养需求差异甚大。一些猫咪喜爱并渴求的食物很有可能会对小毛球的消化系统造成严重破坏。

We spoke with Dr. Elizabeth Colleran, President of the American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP), who said that the list of foods you can never feed your cat is a lot smaller than most people think. Cats should never have onion, garlic, kelp, grapes or raisins, sugary treats, chocolate, and alcoholic or caffeinated drinks, even in small doses.

    我们采访了美国猫医生协会（AAFP）主席伊丽莎白卡罗兰博士，她说猫咪绝不能吃的食物远比大多数人想象的要少。像洋葱、蒜头、海带、葡萄、甜食、巧克力以及那些含酒精或咖啡因的饮料就不能给猫吃，即便是一点点也不行。

However, you'll find many veterinary lists of dangerous foods are longer. The truth is, if you examine the fine print, some foods on these warning lists can be safe for your cat -- but only in small doses. And a good rule of thumb is that human food should not make up more than 15 percent of a cat's diet.

    然而，你会发现许多兽医列出的危险食物远不止那些。事实是：如果你检查一遍这张密密麻麻的小单子，你会发现其中的一些食物对猫咪来说是安全的——但前提是少量食用。按照常理，猫的饮食中人类食物所占比例不得超过15％。

So, what foods can Fluffy eat safely off of the table?

    那么，饭桌上究竟有哪些食物猫咪们可以安全食用的呢？

1: Meat

   1、肉类

Because cats are carnivores, animal meat is one of the safest human foods to give a cat, which it why we rank it at No. 1. Cooked poultry is probably the best choice. Uncooked meat brings with it the same safety concerns as uncooked fish or eggs. Nevertheless, as with fish and eggs, you'll find a few vets who prefer raw for the nutritional value.

   
    因猫是食肉动物，肉类就成为可喂给的最安全的人类食品之一，我们也因此把它放在第一位。煮熟的禽肉可以说是最好的选择，但生肉的话，跟生鱼及生鸡蛋一样会带来安全隐患。不过你会发现一些兽医出于营养价值考虑，给猫咪食用生鱼、生鸡蛋。

You'll also find conflicting advice as to whether you should worry about fat content. Dr. Colleran explains that it's largely a matter of calories. Fat is nutritious in itself, but cats, like humans, shouldn't consume too much. And cats suffer from an obesity problem in the United States, too. Even if your cat could use the extra calories, however, too much fat in one sitting can cause diarrhea. This is why you shouldn't let your cat finish your rejected fat trimmings from the table.

    在是否要担心脂肪含量问题上，你会发现有许多不一致的观点。卡罗兰博士对此解释说脂肪含量问题大体是卡路里问题。脂肪本身具有营养价值，但猫和人类一样不能摄入过多。在美国，就有许多猫过度肥胖。即便你家猫咪可以消耗掉额外的卡路里，一顿饭摄入过多脂肪也可能会造成猫咪腹泻，这就是为什么不能让猫和你一样拒绝节食的原因。

So, it seems that moderation is important for everything we can give a cat -- except of course, our unconditional love.

         所以，我们在给与猫任何东西时都要注意适度原则——当然，我们无条件的爱除外。

2: Eggs

  2、蛋类

Eggs are great for humans and cats because they're rich in protein. In fact, many books that promote natural cat diets strongly encourage owners to give their cats eggs. After all, in the wild, cats would occasionally raid the nests of birds. Vets agree that cooked eggs, such as scrambled or hard-boiled, make an excellent and nutritious treat for a cat.

   
    蛋类因蛋白质含量丰富，对人类和猫来说都是不错的食物。事实上，许多推崇天然饮食的书籍都强烈鼓励猫主人给猫吃蛋类。毕竟要是在野外的话，猫咪还时常会偷袭鸟巢。兽医们认为像炒蛋、水煮蛋那样的熟食对猫来说是一道既美味又营养的菜。

However, although some natural diet books recommend raw eggs -- which provide more nutritional benefits and are what a cat would get in the wild -- Dr. Colleran again says this is too dangerous. Salmonella and E. coli have become too much of a risk. "Not only do you not want to make your cat sick," she notes, "but you don't want to bring those kinds of organisms into your environment." This can be a problem if, for instance, something harmful passes through the animal but remains in its excrement.

    然而，虽然一些饮食类书籍推荐生鸡蛋——它具有更高的营养价值，而且生鸡蛋是猫在野外可以找到的食物——但是，卡罗兰博士却认为食用生鸡蛋相当危险，猫很可能因此感染沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌。她指出：“一方面你可不希望你家小猫咪得病，另一方面你也不希望这些有害微生物进入你的生活圈。”假使有害物质已排出猫体外但留在了它们的粪便中，那可真成为了一个问题。

Another concern is that eggs are very allergenic. Dr. Colleran recommends watching for manifestations of an allergic reaction if you do feed your cat eggs.

    另一项顾虑是鸡蛋容易引发过敏。卡罗兰博士建议大家如果想给猫吃蛋类食品，要看着它吃，以防猫出现过敏症状。

3: Fish

   3、鱼类

Most cats love fish, and it can provide some much needed nutrients for them. After all, you'll find it in many commercial cat foods. So, if you're preparing a nice tuna sandwich, it shouldn't do any harm to sneak your cat a bite.

   
    大多数猫都喜欢吃鱼，鱼类也能给它们提供一些不可或缺的营养物质，你总能在许多零售的猫粮中发现它的存在。因此，如果你正在准备一份美味的金枪鱼三明治，你大可放心喂点猫咪吃吃，那可不会让你的猫咪掉块肉啊。

But -- and there's always a "but" -- you should be aware of some concerns with serving your cat too much fish. The high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in a heavy tuna diet will deplete a cat's supply of vitamin E. You should also be aware that carnivorous fish like tuna, salmon and swordfish are more likely to contain higher levels of mercury than cod, halibut and flounder.

    但是——总有那么个“但是”——你必须清楚，给猫咪吃太多鱼会产生很多问题。金枪鱼含有多元不饱和脂肪酸，食用过多会造成其含量过高，最终耗尽猫体内的维生素E。你也必须知道，类似金枪鱼、鲑鱼、旗鱼这样的食肉鱼与鳕鱼、大比目鱼及小比目鱼相比，汞含量过高的可能性更大。

And although you'll find some vets who believe that it's fine and even preferable to give your cat uncooked fish, Dr. Colleran disagrees. She warns that uncooked oily fish contain too much thiaminase, which breaks down thiamine, an essential vitamin. This is addition to the safety hazard of eating raw fish. For instance, uncooked freshwater fish might carry a tapeworm.

    一些兽医认为给猫咪喂食生鱼问题不大、甚至会更好，但是卡罗兰博士不同意这点。她提醒大家，富油性鱼类体内含有过多的硫胺酶，它会破坏至关重要的维生素B。此外，食用生鱼肉还有其他安全隐患，如：未煮熟的淡水鱼体内很可能有绦虫存在。

4: Cheese

  4、奶酪

Many cats love cheese, and it's a good source of protein for them. And although some cats are able to eat it without any problem, you'll find that dairy products often make the list of dangerous foods for cats. That's because as many cats mature to adulthood, they become lactose intolerant. For these adult cats, any cheese, milk or other dairy will cause diarrhea.

许多猫咪喜欢奶酪，奶酪能提供丰富的蛋白质。尽管一些猫咪食用奶酪过后不会产生任何问题，但它往往还是会被列为危险食物。这是因为许多猫在成年之后患有乳糖不耐症，对它们来说，食用任何奶酪、牛奶或其他乳制品都会引起腹泻。

If you're interested in feeding your cat dairy, give it a very small amount at first to see how its digestive system handles it. It might be able to safely handle small portions of cottage cheese, or even yogurt and sour cream. You can also try giving your cat low-lactose varieties of cheese and milk.

    如果你很想给你家猫咪吃点乳制品，就先给它尝一点点，观察它的消化系统有何反应。也许少量的白干酪、酸奶和酸奶酪都不会造成腹泻问题，你还可以试着给你家小猫吃各种低乳糖奶酪和牛奶。

If you only feed dairy to your cat occasionally as a special treat, you'll be able to use it to get a finicky cat to take its medicine. Some sneaky cat owners actually grind up pills for their feline and put the powder on cheese or butter to get them to ingest the medicine.

    若你只是将奶酪作为调剂品偶尔喂给猫吃的话，那么用它来骗猫吃药是再好不过了。一些精明的猫主人会将药片先磨碎，将药粉撒在奶酪或黄油上让猫吃下去。

5: Vegetables

  5、蔬菜

While humans are omnivores, meaning we can survive on meat and vegetables, a cat is classified as an obligate carnivore, meaning it needs meat to survive (or at least thrive). So, it's true that cats, unlike humans, don't derive much nutrition from vegetables. But Dr. Colleran assures us that carbohydrates aren't inherently bad for cats. Rather, cats are just able to derive more energy from protein and use it more efficiently. Some cats enjoy chomping on plants every once in a while to get roughage or fiber.

   
    人类是杂食动物，这就意味着我们可以靠肉类及蔬菜生存，猫被归类为专性食肉动物，这就意味着它必须食用肉类才能生存（或至少是成长所需）。因此，猫和人类不同的是，它从蔬菜中摄取不了多少营养。但是卡罗兰博士向大家确保说，碳水化合物的摄入不会对猫产生不良影响。相反，猫能从蛋白质中获取更多能量并进行有效利用。还有一些猫喜欢偶尔嚼嚼植物来摄取纤维素。

If you've noticed that your cat has this craving, keep houseplants away from it, because they may be toxic. Instead, serve up small portions of veggies to your cat. Some recommended vegetables include baked carrots, steamed asparagus or broccoli, green beans, winter squash, or chopped greens. Dr. Colleran advises cat owners to wash veggies thoroughly and avoid anything that might be indigestible, like uncooked carrots

.
    如果注意到你家猫有这种需求，你一定要将室内植物放置在它接触不到的地方，因为那些植物可能含毒。可以给猫咪吃点蔬菜来解决这个问题，建议喂食烤胡萝卜、蒸芦笋或蒸花椰菜、青豆、笋瓜或其他切碎的蔬菜。卡罗兰博士建议猫主人们清洗蔬菜时要非常仔细，还要避免喂食那些不易消化的蔬菜，如生胡萝卜。

Along these same lines, some cats chew on and eat grass in order to throw something up, like a hair ball that's caught in their throat. Some cat owners without lawns will bring in some grass if their cat gets that craving.

    除了上述所说，一些猫咪会为了吐掉某些东西而去吃草，如卡在喉咙口的毛线团。如果发现猫咪有此需求，而门前又没有草坪，猫主人们可以从外面带些回家喂给猫咪。

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本译文仅用于学习和交流目的。非商业转载请注明译者、出处，并保留文章在译言的完整链接。
原文来源：animal.discovery.com
原文标题：Introduction to 5 Human Foods Cats Can Eat
原文地址：http://animal.discovery.com/healthy-pets/cat-healt

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