共建“一带一路”下的中国与牙买加青年关系

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作者：微信文章


引言




Introduction
　　　

在过去10年里，中国与牙买加的关系发生了显著变化，特别是在“一带一路”倡议（BRI）框架下。 2013年，由中国国家主席习近平发起的“一带一路”倡议旨在通过基础设施建设和文化交流，提升区域互联互通和经济一体化。牙买加作为加勒比地区具有战略价值的国家，凭借地理区位和经济潜力，成为这一倡议的关键合作伙伴。

The relationship between China and Jamaica has evolved significantly over the past decade, especially under the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).Launched by Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2013, the BRI aims to enhance regional connectivity and economic integration through infrastructure development and cultural exchanges. Jamaica, strategically located in the Caribbean, has emerged as a key partner in this initiative, leveraging its geographic and economic potential to foster closer ties with China.



牙买加与中国建交50周年活动现场

一、中牙关系的历史背景

Historical Context of China-JamaicaRelations

中国与牙买加于1972年建立外交关系，标志着长期而富有成果的伙伴关系的开始。几十年来，这一关系并不仅限于外交和政治联系，还扩展到经济、文化、教育等多领域。尤其是“一带一路”倡议，为深化这些联系提供了崭新的平台，特别是在基础设施建设、国际贸易和青年参与方面。

China and Jamaica establisheddiplomatic relations in 1972,markingthe beginning of a long and fruitfulpartnership.0ver the decades,thisrelationship has expanded beyond diplomaticand political ties to encompass economic,cultural,and educational exchanges.The introduction of the BRI has provided anew platform for deepening these ties,particularly in the areas of infrastructuredevelopment,trade,and youth engagement.

二、牙买加在共建“一带一路”中的战略重要性

Jamaica's Strategic Importance inthe BRI

牙买加位于加勒比地区主要航运路线的交汇点，使其成为“一带一路”倡议下一个具有吸引力的合作伙伴。牙买加相对发达的基础设施、稳定的政治环境和持续增长的国民经济，为中国伙伴的投资和合作提供了重要机会。通过参与“一带一路”建设，牙买加旨在提升其与全球经济的连接，吸引外国投资，并推动可持续发展。

Jamaica's strategic location at thecrossroads of ma jor shipping routes inthe Caribbean makes it an attractivepartner for the BRI.China's well-developed infrastructure,stable politicalenvironment,and growing economy offersignificant opportunities for Chineseinvestment and collaboration.Byparticipating in the BRI,Jamaica aims toenhance its connectivity with the globaleconomy,attract foreign investment,andpromote sustainable development.

三、青年参与的相关举措和实践

Youth Engagement Initiatives

(一)教育项目与奖学金

Educational Programs and Scholarships

教育一直是共建“一带一路”吸引牙买加青年参与的基石。中国政府为牙买加学生提供了奖学金和培训机会，重点支持工程、医学、农业和技术等领域和专业。这些举措旨在提升牙买加青年的技能和知识，为他们在各个领域的“领导”角色做好准备。

Education has been a cornerstoneof BRI youth engagement in Jamaica.The Chinese government has providedscholarships and training opportunitiesfor Jamaican students,focusing on fieldssuch as engineering,medicine,agricultureand technology.These initiatives aimto enhance the skills and knowledgeof Jamaican youth,preparing them for leadership roles in various sectors.

中牙友谊奖学金

China-Jamaica Friendship Scholarship

“一带一路”倡议对牙买加青年最重要的举措之一是中牙友谊奖学金项目。在过去10年中，中国政府已向牙买加学生提供超过1200个奖学金名额，以资助他们在中国完成高等教育学业。奖学金支持范围包括学费、住宿费和生活费，使来自不同背景的学生能够在中国顺利完成学业。

One of the most significant initiativesunder the BRI is the China-JamaicaFriendship Scholarship Program.Over thepast decade,the Chinese government hasawarded more than 1,200 scholarshipsto Jamaican students to pursue highereducation in China.These scholarshipscover tuition,accommodation and livingexpenses,enabling students from diversebackgrounds to study in China.

中牙奖学金项目对牙买加青年的技能发展产生了重大影响，尤其是在工程、医学和技术等关键领域。例如，曾在中国学习工程专业的牙买加学生回国后，在基础设施建设和建筑领域工作，将新技能和专业知识带入这些领域。同样，那些学习医学专业的学生也为牙买加医疗行业发展作出贡献，解决了医疗行业人员短缺问题。

The scholarship program hassignificantly impacted skill developmentin Jamaica,particularly in criticalsectors such as engineering,medicine and technology.For instance,Jamaicanstudents who studied engineering in Chinahave returned to work in the country'sinfrastructure and construction sectors,bringing new skills and expertise to thesefields.Similarly,those who studiedmedicine have contributed to the healthcaresector,addressing critical shortages ofskilled professionals.

一个值得关注的例子是牙买加学生安德烈·威尔逊博士，他获得了中牙奖学金，在北京大学医学专业就读。完成学业后，威尔逊博士回到牙买加，加入牙买加西印度大学医院担任外科医生。在中国的学习经历使他接触到先进的医疗技术，提升了实践能力，他将这些经验应用到工作中，提高了牙买加医疗服务的质量。

One notable example of the impact ofthe scholarship program is the case ofDr.Andre Wilson,a Jamaican student whoreceived a scholarship to study medicineat Peking University.After completing hisstudies,Dr.Wilson returned to Jamaicaand joined the University Hospital of theWest Indies as a surgeon.His experiencein China ex posed him to advancedmedical technologies and practices,which he has since applied in his work toimprove the quality of healthcare servicesin Jamaica.

牙买加医学毕业生的成就值得关注。最近有25名牙买加籍医学生从安徽医科大学毕业，这一里程碑事件标志着通过国际教育合作，加强牙买加医疗保健领域方面迈出了重要一步。这些毕业生预计将把他们学习的先进医学知识和技能贡献给牙买加医疗系统，从而提升医疗服务质量，以应对他们祖国面临的医疗保健挑战。

An outstanding achievement in this areais the recent graduation of 25 Jamaicanmedical students from Anhui Medical University.This milestone representsa significant step in strengtheningJamaica's healthcare sector throughinternational education and collaboration.These graduates are expected to bringtheir advanced medical knowledge andskills to Jamaica's healthcare system,improving the quality of medical care andaddressing healthcare challenges in theirhome country.

2.技术和职业培训

Technical and Vocational Training

除了奖学金项目外，中国还重点支持对牙买加青年的技术和职业培训。这些培训旨在为年轻人提供满足当地就业市场需求的实用技能，提高他们的就业能力，并推动当地经济发展。

In addition to academic scholarships,China has also focused on technical andvocational training for Jamaican youth.This training aims to equip young peoplewith practical skills that are in demandin the local job market,thereby enhancingtheir employability and contributing toeconomic development.

中国政府与牙买加政府合作，在牙买加建起多个职业技术培训机构，提供建筑、汽车工程、信息技术、酒店管理等领域的课程，旨在满足牙买加经济发展需求，为牙买加青年提供其所选领域取得成功所需的技能。

The Chinese government,in collaborationwith the Jamaican government,hasestablished several technical traininginstitutes throughout Jamaica.Theseinstitutes offer courses in areas suchas construction,automotive engineering,information technology and hospitalitymanagement.The training programs aredesigned to meet the specific needs of theJamaican economy and provide young peoplewith the skills needed to succeed in theirchosen fields.

中国支持的技术培训项目提高了牙买加青年的就业能力，为他们提供了在正式和非正式部门获得工作的技能。例如，接受建筑技能课程的毕业生已在中国参与的牙买加基础设施建设项目中找到工作，为牙买加发展作出贡献。同样，完成酒店管理技能课程的毕业生在牙买加旅游增长中找到机会，如今，旅游业是牙买加经济的重要驱动力。

The technical training programs haveenhanced the employability of Jamaicanyouth by providing them with the skillsneeded to secure jobs in the formal andinformal sectors.For example,graduatesfrom the construction course have foundemployment in Chinese-funded infrastructure projects,contributing to the country'sdevelopment.Similarly,those who completedthe hospitality management course havefound opportunities in the growing tourismsector,which is a ma jor driver of theJamaican economy.

一个典型案例是金斯敦技术学院，该学院在中国政府的支持下成立，提供一系列技术和职业课程，比如汽车工程和建筑。在过去5年，超过1000名学生从该学院毕业，较高比例的毕业生在相关领域找到工作，而学院的办学成功促使职业技术培训项目和招生量进行扩容。

One case in point is the KingstonTechnical Institute,which was establishedwith support from the Chinese government.The institute offers a range of technicaland vocational courses,includingautomotive engineering and constructiontechnology.Over the past five years,morethan 1,000 students have graduated from theinstitute,with a high percentage findingemployment in their respective fields.Thesuccess of the institute has prompted plansto expand its programs and enrollment.



牙买加青年体验包饺子

(二)文化交流与语言项目

Cultural Exchanges and LanguagePrograms

文化交流和语言项目也是“一带一路”倡议在牙买加吸引青年参与的重点。西印度大学莫纳分校孔子学院在推广汉语和中国文化方面发挥了关键作用。孔子学院为牙买加的学生和专业人士提供汉语课程。在过去10年，超过3500名牙买加学生注册和学习这些课程，反映了他们对学习汉语和了解中国文化日益增长的兴趣。有关课程涵盖从初级到高级的不同阶段，帮助学生全面理解汉语及其实际应用。

Cultural exchanges and languageprograms have also been a focus of BRIyouth relations in Jamaica.The ConfuciusInstitute at the University of the WestIndies,Mona,plays a pivotal role inpromoting Chinese language and cultureamong Jamaican youth.The ConfuciusInstitute offers Chinese language coursesto students and professionals in Jamaica.Over the past decade,more than 3,500Jamaican students have enrolled in thesecourses,reflecting the growing interest in learning Mandarin and understanding Chineseculture.The courses range from beginnerto advanced levels,providing studentswith a comprehensive understanding of thelanguage and its practical applications.



牙买加青年体验中国春节民俗文化

孔子学院还组织了春节、中秋节等中国文化节庆活动，使得牙买加学生和专业人士对中国的传统文化和价值观有了更深入的了解，从而促进更大的文化融合与合作。比如，孔子学院在金斯敦每年组织中国新年庆祝活动，吸引了青年学生、专业人士、当地社区成员在内的数千名参与者。通过表演、展览和互动活动，参与者了解了中国的传统风俗，增强了对中国文化的理解和欣赏，并促进了牙买加的文化多样性和包容性。

In addition to language courses,theConfucius Institute organizes culturalfestivals and events,such as the ChineseSpring Festival and the Mid-AutumnFestival.These events provide a platformfor cultural exchange and foster mutualunderstanding between the two cultures.Jamaican students and professionals whoparticipate in these events gain a deeperappreciation of Chinese traditions andvalues,which in turn promotes greatercultural integration and cooperation.Anotable example of the impact of culturalexchanges is the annual Chinese New Year celebration organized by the ConfuciusInstitute in Kingston.The event attractsthousands of participants,includingstudents,professionals and members of thelocal community.Through performances,exhibitions,and interactive activities,participants learn about Chinese customsand traditions,and deepen theirunderstanding of and appreciation forChinese culture.The success of the eventhas led to plans to expand its scope andreach,with the aim of promoting culturaldiversity and inclusion in Jamaica.

四、经济与社会影响

Economic and Social Impacts

(一)创造就业机会和经济赋能

Job Creation and Economic Empowerment

共建“一带一路”促进牙买加基础设施发展，创造就业机会，促进经济赋能，尤其是对年轻人而言。中国在建筑、制造和旅游等领域的投资为牙买加青年提供了就业和培训机会，使他们能够为国家的经济增长和发展作出贡献。

The BRI's focus on infrastructuredevelopment in Jamaica has created jobopportunities and contributed to economicempowerment,especially for young people.Chinese investments in sectors such as construction,manufacturing and tourismhave provided employment and trainingopportunities for Jamaican youth,enablingthem to contribute to the country'seconomic growth and development.

中国支持的基础设施项目，如南北高速公路建设项目、东西高速公路延伸项目、东部高速公路项目、蒙特哥贝绕城公路项目、金斯敦港口扩建项目，为牙买加青年创造了数千个就业机会。这些项目还提供在职培训，提升青年工人在建筑、工程和项目管理方面的技能。牙买加青年从这些项目中获得经验，提升就业能力，并为他们在就业市场上取得成功提供所需技能。

China-funded infrastructure projects,such as the completion of the North-SouthHighway,the extension of the East-WestHighway,the Eastern Highway Project,theMontego Bay Bypass and expansion of thePort of Kingston,have created thousandsof jobs for Jamaican youth.These projectshave also provided on-the-job training,equipping young workers with skills inconstruction,engineering,and projectmanagement.The experience gained fromworking on these projects has enhanced theemployability of Jamaican youth,providingthem with the skills needed to succeed inthe job market.

以中国港湾工程公司(CHEC)支持的南北高速公路建设项目为例，该项目涉及建设一条67千米的高速公路，将金斯敦与北海岸连接，大大减少旅行时间并改善互联互通。项目雇用超过2000名牙买加工人，包括工程师、建筑工人和支持人员。除了提供就业岗位外，该项目还提供了培训和能力建设机会。

One case in point is the completionof the North-South Highway,a major  infrastructure project funded by the ChinaHarbour Engineering Company(CHEC).Theproject involved completing a 67-kilometerhighway connecting Kingston to the northcoast,thereby significantly reducingtravel time and improving connectivity.Theproject employed more than 2,000 Jamaicanworkers,including engineers,constructionworkers,and support staff.In additionto providing employment,the projectoffered training and capacity-buildingopportunities,enhancing the skills ofJamaican workers and contributing to thecountry's economic development.

(二)社会融入与文化理解

Social Integration and CulturalUnderstanding

来自中国的专业人士和学生在牙买加的增长，带来了更大的社会融入和文化理解，这种互动通过社区参与项目、联合教育项目和文化交流得到促进。

The increasing presence of Chineseprofessionals and students in Jamaicahas led to greater social integration andcultural understanding.This interactionhas been facilitated through communityengagement programs,joint educationalprojects and cultural exchanges,fostering mutual respect and appreciation betweenthe two cultures.

1.社区参与项目

Community Engagement Programs

在牙买加运营的中国公司实施了社区参与项目，旨在促进社会凝聚力和相互理解。这些项目包括教育、体育和文化活动，为中牙两国社区互动和对话提供了平台。典型案例是位于金斯敦的中国文化中心，该中心获得中国政府支持，提供中文课程、文化工作坊和艺术展览等一系列项目和活动，为牙买加人学习中国文化和传统提供了机会。

Chinese companies operating in Jamaicahave launched community engagementprograms to promote social cohesion andmutual understanding.These programsinclude educational initiatives,sportsevents and cultural activities thatprovide a platform for interaction anddialogue between Chinese and Jamaicancommunities.A notable example ofcommunity engagement is the ChineseCultural Center in Kingston,which wasestablished with support from the Chinesegovernment.The center offers a range ofprograms and activities,including Chineselanguage classes,cultural workshops andart exhibitions.These programs provideopportunities for Jamaicans to learn aboutChinese culture and traditions,promotinggreater understanding and appreciationbetween the two communities.

2.联合教育项目

Joint Educational Projects

中牙两国机构之间的联合教育项目包括学生交流计划、联合研究倡议和合作研讨会，为牙买加和中国的学生提供相互学习及发展全球视野的机会。

Joint educational projects between Chinese and Jamaican institutions havealso contributed to social integration andcultural understanding.These projectsinclude student exchange programs,jointresearch initiatives,and collaborativeworkshops,providing opportunities forJamaican and Chinese students to learnfrom each other and develop a globalperspective.

比如，西印度大学莫纳分校与中国清华大学合作启动关于可再生能源和可持续发展的联合研究项目，需要两校的学生、教师共同设计可持续能源生产和消费的创新解决方案。通过这一合作，牙买加和中国的学生对彼此的文化和观点也有了更深入理解，促进了两国之间的合作和伙伴关系。

The University of the West Indies,Mona,and Tsinghua University in Chinahave launched a joint research projecton renewable energy and sustainability.The project involves students andfaculty from both institutions workingtogether to develop innovative solutionsfor sustainable energy production andconsumption.Through this collaboration,Jamaican and Chinese students gain a deeperunderstanding of each other's cultures andperspectives,promoting greater cooperationand partnership between the two countries.



牙买加西印度大学莫纳分校孔子学院举行石狮交接仪式现场

五、面临的挑战

Challenges and Criticisms

(一)文化差异与适应挑战

Cultural Differences and AdaptationChallenges

尽管共建“一带一路”对中牙青年关系带来了积极影响，但也存在文化差异和适应方面的挑战。一些在华的牙买加学生和专业人士在适应中国文化和语言方面遇到困难，导致社会孤立和思乡之情，突显了需要更多支持和资源来帮助他们适应中国生活。

Despite the positive impacts ofBRI youth relations,there have beenchallenges related to cultural differencesand adaptation.Some Jamaican studentsand professionals had difficulty adaptingto Chinese culture and language,leadingto social isolation and homesickness.These challenges have highlighted the needfor more support and resources to helpJamaican students and professionals adaptto life in China.

在中国学习的牙买加学生报告了在适应学术环境和语言障碍方面的挑战：虽然奖学金项目提供了语言培训，但对中国习俗和社会规范的不熟悉仍然是许多学生的障碍，导致了孤立感和思乡情绪，可能影响他们的学术表现和整体学习体验。比如，一些牙买加学生在北京工业大学尽管接受了语言培训和文化指导，但部分学生报告了上述困难，促使大学引入额外的支持服务，如导师计划和文化指导工作坊。

Jamaican students studying in Chinahave reported challenges in adapting tothe academic environment and languagebarriers.While scholarship programsprovide language training,the lack offamiliarity with Chinese customs andsocial norms has been a hurdle for manystudents.This has led to feelings ofisolation and homesickness,which canimpact their academic performance andoverall experience.A case in point is theexperience of Jamaican students studyingat the Beijing University of Technology.Despite receiving language training andcultural guidance,some students reporteddifficulties in adapting to the academicenvironment and social norms in China.These challenges have prompted theuniversity to introduce additional supportservices,such as mentorship programsand cultural guidance workshops,to helpinternational students adapt to life in China.

(二)资源分配问题

Resource Allocation Problem

一些项目资源往往集中在大规模的基础设施建设和经济发展领域，而对教育和青年参与的直接支持不足，这种不平衡可能限制了项目的全面影响，特别是在提升牙买加青年技能和参与方面。例如，在中国支持的一些基础设施项目中，虽然这些项目创造了大量就业机会，但对教育和培训项目的直接投资相对不足，可能导致某些项目未能充分满足牙买加青年的发展需求，从而影响了他们的技能提升和就业能力。

Some project resources tend to focus onlarge-scale infrastructure development andeconomic development,while direct supportfor education and youth participation isinsufficient -an imbalance that may limitthe full impact of projects,particularly in upgrading the skills and participationof Jamaican youth.For example,in some ofthe infrastructure projects supported byChina,while these projects have createdsignificant employment opportunities,the relative lack of direct investment ineducation and training programs may resultin some projects not adequately addressingthe development needs of Jamaican youth,thereby affecting their skills upgradingand employability.

六、增强青年合作的策略

Strat egies to Enhance YouthCooperation

一是加强文化适应支持。为牙买加学生和专业人士提供更多的文化适应支持，包括语言培训、文化指导和心理支持，可以帮助他们更好地融入中国环境，提高他们的学习和工作体验，增强中牙之间的文化理解。

First,we will strengthen supportfor acculturation.Providing moreacculturation support for Jamaicanstudents and professionals,includinglanguage training,cultural mentoring andpsychological support,can help them betterintegrate into the Chinese environment,enhance their learning and work experienceand deepen cultural understanding betweenChina and Jamaica.

二是平衡资源分配。未来的有关合作项目应确保教育和青年发展项目获得足够的资金和支持。通过优化资源配置，提升项目对牙买加青年的整体影响，促进其提升职业技能和就业能力。

Second,we need to balance resourceallocation.Future cooperation projectsshould ensure that education and youthdevelopment projects receive adequatefunding and support.By optimizing theallocation of resources,we will enhancethe overall impact of the project onJamaican youth and promote their vocationalskills and employability.

三是扩大青年参与机会。提供更多的奖学金名额、培训项目和文化交流活动，进一步促进中牙青年之间的合作与理解。通过提供更多机会，牙买加青年能更好地参与到“一带一路”倡议中，为两国关系的长期发展作出贡献。

Third,we should expand opportunitiesfor youth participation.  Morescholarships,training programs andcultural exchange activities should beprovided to further promote cooperationand understanding between Chineseand Spanish youth.By providing moreop portunities,Jama ican youth can better participate in the Belt and RoadInitiative and contribute to the long-termdevelopment of relations between the twocountries.

结语

Conclusion

过去10年，“一带一路”倡议为中牙青年关系带来显著的积极变化，通过教育奖学金、技术培训和文化交流，牙买加青年获得了提升技能和职业发展的机会。然而，他们也面临着文化适应、资源分配不平衡等挑战。未来，应通过加强文化适应支持、平衡资源分配和扩大参与机会，进一步推动中牙青年关系的发展，并为两国的长期合作奠定坚实基础。

The Belt and Road Initiative hassignificantly impacted youth relationsbetween China and Jamaica over thepast decade.Through educationalexchanges,cultural programs and economicopportunities,the BRI has fostered mutualunderstanding and collaboration between thetwo countries.While challenges remain,thefuture prospects for BRI youth relationsin Jamaica are promising,offering newopportunities for growth,innovation andsustainable development.By strengtheningeducational and cultural ties,promoting

innovation and entrepreneurship,andaddressing challenges and concerns,Chinaand Jamaica can build a strong and lastingpartnership that benefits both countriesand their youth.

作者：H.E Arthur Williams  牙买加驻华大使
此文刊载于《丝路百科》杂志2025年第2期

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编辑、审校：《丝路百科》编辑部


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丝路百科

千年丝路纵横百科