专家称美国新关税“不公平”│US new tariffs 'unfair': Experts

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美国总统-唐纳德·特朗普最新宣布的关税举措在亚洲地区引发轩然大波，对近 70 个贸易伙伴征收 10% 至 41% 的“报复性关税”，这预示着新一轮保护主义浪潮的到来，将对全球发展中国家造成伤害，分析人士称。

US President Donald Trump's latest tariffs announcement has sent shockwaves across the Asian region, with the imposition of 10 to 41 percent "reciprocal tariffs" against nearly 70 trading partners signaling a fresh tide of protectionism that will hurt developing economies around the world, analysts said.



注意到华盛顿对亚洲出口商公布的“极高关税”，观察人士表示，这些关税是不公平的，因为该地区的一些贸易伙伴已经做出了很多让步，包括给予其免税进入本国市场的机会，并同意购买美国的能源和飞机，希望获得更优惠的待遇。

特朗普周四签署行政令，对某些贸易伙伴的商品加征“额外从价关税”。新关税将于 8 月 7 日生效。

日本和韩国被征收 15% 的关税。印度面临 25% 的关税，而叙利亚则被征收最高的 41% 的关税。老挝和缅甸被征收 40% 的关税。孟加拉国和越南面临 20% 的关税，而马来西亚、柬埔寨、泰国和巴基斯坦则面临 19% 的关税。

Noting the "very high tariffs" unveiled by Washington on Asian exporters, observers said the levies are unfair as several trading partners in the region had offered many concessions — including duty-free access to their domestic markets, and agreeing to purchase US energy and aircraft — in the hope of getting more favorable treatment.

Trump issued an executive order on Thursday imposing "additional ad valorem duties on goods of certain trading partners". The new duties will take effect from Aug 7.

Japan and South Korea were slapped with 15 percent tariffs. India is facing a 25 percent duty, while Syria was hit with the highest rate of 41 percent. Laos and Myanmar are slapped with 40 percent levies. Bangladesh and Vietnam face 20 percent duties, while Malaysia, Cambodia, Thailand and Pakistan face 19 percent duties.



卡内基国际和平基金会亚洲项目高级研究员-埃琳娜·努尔表示：「由于关税税率是单方面制定的，并且随意与华盛顿对美国国家安全的定义挂钩，因此很难说这些税率是公平的。」

埃莉娜表示，不同的单边税率加快了东盟成员国之间的竞争，因为每个国家都在寻求与美国达成双边协议。

她说：「这使得东盟各国相互对立，这种局面让人想起殖民时期的分而治之，也妨碍了东盟成员国之间协调立场的努力。」

埃莉娜表示，对于最新声明是否为进一步谈判留有余地，存在“很大的不确定性”。她指出，例如如何界定转运以及东南亚地区国家是否会被征收更高的 40%的税率，“仍将是复杂的问题，因为全球供应链可能广泛且错综复杂地相互连接”。

"Because the tariff rates are unilateral and arbitrarily linked to Washington's definition of US national security, the rates can hardly be described as fair," Elina Noor, a senior fellow in the Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, said.

Elina said the different unilateral rates have accelerated competition among members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations as each country seeks a bilateral deal with the US.

"This pits ASEAN countries against each other in a way that's reminiscent of colonial divide and rule, and detracts from any effort by ASEAN member-states to coordinate positions with each other," she said.

Elina said there is "a lot of uncertainty" as to whether the latest announcement leaves much scope for further negotiations.How transshipment will be determined, for example, and whether or not countries in the Southeast Asian region will be subjected to the higher 40 percent rate for it, "will remain a complicated issue since global supply chains can be extensively and intricately networked", she said.



法国农业信贷银行亚太区首席经济学家-艾丽西亚·加西亚-埃雷罗表示，美国宣布加征关税对亚洲来说“总体上是个非常糟糕的消息”。

加西亚 - 赫雷罗提到了特朗普对亚洲征收的“极高关税”，以及这将如何损害这个依赖出口的地区。

斯里兰卡—中国友好协会秘书长-普拉萨德·维杰苏里亚指出，特朗普 4 月宣布对斯里兰卡进口商品征收 40%的关税，如今降至 20%，但这一税率仍比此前实行的最惠国待遇税率（约 2%）大幅提高。

维杰苏里亚表示：「关税的急剧上调可能会给斯里兰卡带来重大的经济挑战。」

但受关税影响的不只是亚洲。法国兴业银行的加西亚 - 赫雷罗指出：「如果人人都加征关税，那就无处可逃。」她还指出，由于进口商品价格上涨，美国的通货膨胀率将会上升。

The US tariffs announcement is "very bad news generally for Asia", said Alicia Garcia-Herrero, chief economist for Asia-Pacific at Natixis.

Garcia-Herrero cited the "very high tariffs" that Trump imposed on Asia and how this will hurt the export-dependent region.

Prasad Wijesuriya, general secretary of the Sri Lanka-China Friendship Association, noted that the 20 percent tariff on imports from Sri Lanka is lower than the initial 40 percent that Trump announced in April. But it still represents "a dramatic increase" from the Most Favored Nation rate of around 2 percent that prevailed before, he said.

"This sharp escalation in tariffs is likely to trigger significant economic challenges for Sri Lanka," Wijesuriya said.

But it is not just Asia that will be penalized by tariffs. As Garcia-Herrero of Natixis noted, "If everybody has tariffs, there's no escape." She noted that inflation in the US will increase due to higher prices of imported goods.



《每日团结报》媒体集团和巴基斯坦经济网的主编-塔希尔·法鲁克表示，全球经济“如今的联系更为紧密”，那些“将关税作为武器来施压他国的国家，最终会损害本国产业，损害自身声誉，并与全球经济合作渐行渐远”。

一些亚洲国家的部长对特朗普的声明表示欢迎，指出此次加征的关税低于特朗普在 4 月和 7 月所宣布的额度。

马来西亚投资、贸易和工业部长东姑扎夫鲁·阿齐兹表示，美国已同意将对马来西亚出口商品的关税从 25%降至 19%。

孟加拉国国家安全顾问兼首席谈判代表哈利勒·拉赫曼对当地媒体表示，这个南亚国家“成功避免了可能高达 35% 的报复性关税”。

Tahir Farooq, editor-in-chief at Daily Ittehad Media Group and Pakistan Economic Net, said the global economy is "now even more interconnected", and nations that "weaponize tariffs to pressure others ultimately hurt their own industries, damage their reputations, and estrange themselves from global economic cooperation".

Some Asian ministers welcomed Trump's announcement, noting that the tariffs are lower than what Trump had earlier announced in April and July.

Tengku Zafrul Aziz, Malaysia's minister of investment, trade and industry, said that the US has agreed to reduce the tariffs on Malaysian exports from 25 percent to 19 percent.

Khalilur Rahman, Bangladesh's National Security Advisor and lead negotiator, told the local media that the South Asian nation has "successfully avoided a potential 35 percent reciprocal tariff".