【每日外刊】7月美国批发价格飙升,关税影响显现

我爱免费

作者：微信文章


US wholesale prices jump in July as tariffs hit



Producers in the US raised their prices at the fastest pace in more than three years last month as companies grappled(努力应对) with new costs from tariffs introduced by US President Donald Trump.上个月，美国生产商提高价格的速度达到三年多以来的最快，因企业应对特朗普总统推出的关税带来的新成本。

The producer price index, which measures the selling price commanded by US producers, jumped 0.9% from June to July, after being flat the previous month, according to the Labor Department.根据劳工部的数据，生产者价格指数（衡量美国生产商销售价格的指标）从6月到7月上涨了0.9%，而前一个月则持平。

That was a much bigger leap than the 0.2% forecast by analysts, who predict that the higher wholesale prices will soon mean higher prices for US consumers.这一涨幅远大于分析师预测的0.2%，分析师预计更高的批发价格很快将意味着美国消费者价格的上涨。

The report renewed worries about inflation in the months ahead, despite recent data showing that the increase in consumer prices had held steady at 2.7% in July.尽管最近数据显示7月消费者价格增幅保持在2.7%，但该报告重新引发了人们对未来几个月通胀的担忧。

The average effective tariff rate in the US has soared since Trump has come into power and put new levies on most goods entering the country.自特朗普上台并对进入美国的大多数商品征收新关税以来，美国的平均有效关税率大幅攀升。

He says tariffs, which are a tax on imports, will raise money for the government and give US manufacturers an edge over their foreign competitors.他表示，关税是对进口商品征收的税收，将为政府筹集资金，并使美国制造商在与外国竞争者的竞争中占据优势。

But economists have warned that expanding production in the US will be costly and difficult and that the primary impact of the new levies will be higher costs for businesses and consumers.但经济学家警告说，扩大美国国内生产将是昂贵且困难的，而新征收的关税主要的影响将是企业和消费者成本的上升。

Analysts said the building inflation pressures could also complicate calls for the US central bank to lower interest rates, as Trump has demanded.分析师表示，日益加剧的通胀压力可能会使得美国央行降低利率的呼声变得复杂，正如特朗普所要求的那样。

The Federal Reserve sets its policy independent of the White House. It has held off on cuts so far this year, worried that cutting rates at a time when tariffs are expected to push up prices could risk re-igniting inflation.联邦储备系统独立于白宫制定政策。今年迄今为止，它一直未进行降息，担心在关税预计推高价格的时刻降息可能会冒着重新引发通胀的风险。

But a string of weak job growth, combined with cooler-than-expected inflation, had increased pressure on the bank to give the economy a boost by lowering borrowing costs.但一系列疲弱的就业增长，加上低于预期的通胀，增加了对美联储的压力，迫使其通过降低借贷成本来刺激经济。

Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent earlier this week called on the Federal Reserve to cut its key lending rate by half a percentage point at its next meeting in September.财政部长斯科特·贝森特本周早些时候呼吁美联储在9月的下次会议上将其关键贷款利率下调半个百分点。

"The large upside surprise in producer prices highlights the dilemma the Federal Reserve faces," wrote Matthew Martin, senior US economist at Oxford Economics.牛津经济学高级美国经济学家马修·马丁（Matthew Martin）写道：“生产者价格的大幅超预期上升突显了美联储面临的困境。”

"The big picture remains that inflation is further away from the Fed's target than the unemployment rate and is likely to climb further over the coming months."他说：“大局仍然是，通胀距离美联储的目标比失业率更远，且未来几个月可能会进一步上升。”

The 0.9% over-the-month jump in US producer inflation was the biggest reported since June 2022, the height of post-pandemic inflation in the US.美国生产者通胀月度上涨0.9%，是自2022年6月以来的最大涨幅，正值美国疫情后通胀的高峰期。

Wholesale prices for services, which includes things such as warehousing and investment advice, jumped 1.1%.包括仓储和投资咨询等服务的批发价格上涨了1.1%。

Meanwhile, wholesale prices of goods jumped 0.7% from June to July, according to the report, with nearly half of that increase coming from higher food prices.根据报告，商品的批发价格从6月到7月上涨了0.7%，其中近一半的涨幅来自于食品价格的上涨。

Prices for categories heavily exposed to tariffs, such as home furniture and apparel, also increased.受关税影响较大的类别，如家具和服装的价格也有所上涨。

"New tariffs are continuing to generate cost pressures in the supply chain, which consumers will shoulder soon," Samuel Tombs, chief US economist at Pantheon Macroeconomics, wrote after the report.潘瑟宏观经济学首席美国经济学家塞缪尔·汤布斯（Samuel Tombs）在报告发布后写道：“新的关税持续在供应链中产生成本压力，消费者很快就会承担这些压力。”

Sources: BBC August 15, 2025

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cp89ej4jrn9o

翻译和音频由AI生成