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1、中国意念词(Chinesenesses)
) }6 j7 m- | e* u 八卦 trigram * U' Q" y H8 a. G) Y
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阴、阳 yin, yang
% S; Z" l1 X9 i. O& t1 @) v
6 J- @$ [- C1 w) E 道 Dao(cf. logo)
: l, d+ Y9 T b6 U
* N8 ~+ |6 U- d$ J3 V# f3 Q 江湖(世界) the jianghu World (the traits’ world) 0 [! V. K# D, ~8 W$ ~
" v1 g; b) K5 \; v6 D1 {" R7 b e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖,身不由己)
a D6 r2 o$ S, W% u) j! C" k7 X" i
& _8 b1 w, r. \) L c 道 Daoism(Taoism) . d4 V$ E* h% {& k+ [! D
0 c. X$ w( F9 C: p8 o$ v0 U# h8 V 上火 excessive internal heat * N5 \/ R0 U$ g o. S
2 A( [7 z5 I+ c* J. g: E, P
儒学 Confucianism 0 M E2 L$ p8 J. C! N6 m; t2 x
Q" \+ i2 ]* e6 B- { 红学(《红楼梦》研究) redology 6 X: r5 ?2 S8 G. J
! ^/ W3 l: e+ j; x( k 世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia
7 s v( w) F I9 f9 T
( [, N n, f! b5 v9 ~4 k9 a 开放 kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world) $ m0 _$ l: C: }' C
8 {/ k3 ~+ a2 F' {" A3 \! P7 G
大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done
- s. [9 _" j( u5 E8 D- B
) q2 k( ~) h2 z6 `7 S$ D 伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded
* F6 V f9 {6 t. w6 X1 C5 e! Y) H- V% C, l9 G2 U1 ]
不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on …
( [0 m( B2 c7 E) j, d; W/ Z+ g/ `/ c0 a, c0 R' D0 J7 S
合乎国情,顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people % Q* U( Y/ _0 s/ j4 k
6 s$ a% B1 n; x% u 乱摊派,乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge 7 ?4 b* S8 L7 ]7 X k3 A! k5 t4 ?+ o
6 r9 o) l7 U- H5 U
铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post
0 M; ^% w/ t; {& }4 p$ |9 {8 P9 F; a6 ]2 {4 Z4 p" m& y6 D
脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty
. U( N; B2 f) B$ E/ I6 n7 L4 L8 A/ e$ B& H" I* A7 ?
治则兴,乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline
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, {0 Y* N9 Z C/ p }( ~8 X
" F) ~6 n R4 k' U9 M# w2 、中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)
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国庆节 National Day % e# b; }1 y( J3 p4 Z, c/ \
3 _: y, I m/ O3 l1 x
中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day/Festival & A$ @* J9 j: x$ b5 E$ }1 f
. h4 G* p1 r* E+ w3 Y1 G N 春节 Spring Festival 7 H4 I5 d0 {5 ^3 l* d1 I
9 W. s4 _* q4 g" k( g9 ?
元宵节 Lantern Festival
" n, B2 h7 t, f& \; P0 F# J2 k% m1 \) z% q! l( {
儿童节 Children’s Day
5 E& H! q) \4 e
0 g4 y" E$ y8 _* `! \+ U& ` 端午节 Dragon Boat Festival 6 W( {8 s( z! G4 `
. @! i3 y$ M+ B7 a- D. a* }
妇女节 Women’s Day
- ~- P& b, d" C S6 X* b1 j7 d0 K* N( Y( [
泼水节 Water-Splashing Day 9 U% e7 E+ D+ X- s( ~, @$ l5 `
+ A( `0 O3 J& J3 U; m6 k1 _
教师节 Teachers’ Day 4 Y( R: f2 \' A0 ~ e
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五四青年节 Youth Day
3 ~1 W: b( o# ]! l2 j1 l& u
+ q* x! L9 J& U& h( Z3、中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods) 7 g* R3 ]; l/ @7 G
9 l: \) V. x: M7 v
馄饨 wonton
; y1 g& g7 N W- D5 e8 H. m( _. {1 i, M% W5 F9 k; K
锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi)
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花卷 steamed twisted rolls 0 `) T9 ~1 G+ U/ t( e1 i
3 Y0 t4 |: i: X, I, v% I. a3 b
套餐 set meal
. E0 o. P/ O6 B& E* z5 g& Y% L. B# m
盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away
" b2 _) f+ o; ~2 y& Y
e! }7 o! i! @0 @* c7 N5 j3 S 米豆腐 rice tofu
+ s$ ^% {4 ^9 z; h% S; I* x
; c# R& K1 e/ H3 q( T 魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu
% ^; L6 y( Q$ a! o' w% U
& k7 ]& b. T, w, w8 T 米粉 rice noodles # J: h1 V; M% |5 K4 M
+ A& J+ d& [* W5 Y% P# V
冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.)
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$ {9 n' D" |; J! A! ^ 火锅 chafing dish
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八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding & }) J/ F1 V' M) F7 l4 ^
3 s, U0 n b. Y, S* q
粉丝 glass noodles ' j" t" q8 x5 {% R+ V7 o! z
0 L3 q" D4 X4 j+ ^& p7 { 豆腐脑 jellied bean curd
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7 X# @9 i8 M+ p0 Z, r
% W, [* y o8 X3 {" c/ M4 、中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things)
5 G$ V8 _' o* I* x' s' I( H 中国 电信 China Telecom ) y" n$ O' E* Z& D) Q" H6 r* N# Q: p
1 O" F9 g9 K6 V
中国 移动 China Mobile
( _( w5 j7 w) L8 O5 k6 R V
: D7 L/ X3 n# s- h$ s 十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan " T8 |* \7 k! V5 l) J
( l- j( Q2 P3 F! T% H
中国电脑联网 Chinanet
9 \0 J& P% p0 Z6 B
: i9 e; e' i9 Y/ T/ y9 b" n 三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project 6 l. J0 o. b$ T8 O. t; c& c) f h+ \
, U& e. G) K/ Y+ E, X- p& P+ q0 {
希望工程 Project Hope
0 k0 n/ b4 R0 M I a
, S( A ^3 h8 I0 e2 F" l7 l- J7 w& a 京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway
6 f9 x" k* u. q' w" a# w
r" i+ a+ ? O; N7 z3 {+ B 扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project
7 a, Y& A6 h/ X$ ]2 w. C2 V1 v% [
菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project
7 ?2 M, X" Y. x0 B6 `
5 W, k+ n" `+ N! X/ @ 温饱工程 Decent-Life Project
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安居工程 Economy Housing Project
$ V' _" V3 ?# R- M
# W" }" E3 h3 y+ z3 h; i 扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign
+ w5 C4 _* q, Y! Z7 @6 P* J. [
( d9 ^" e; R& T1 w6 L 西部大开发 Go-West Campaign % E h5 x s. b* D9 s/ R4 w9 s
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5 、特有的一些汉语词汇 , ~4 `( P! o1 n% N g. z
1 a$ x$ l# @, i
禅宗 Zen Buddhism . Z0 S. A) l n6 y7 G
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禅 dhyana; dhgaya ( Y* n+ e* ]* ]" e8 r' n
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混沌 chaos + @4 d* }( G0 t. u3 A
+ J+ i1 E i) X, g
道 Daosim, the way and its power - n2 e! B$ u+ C
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四谛 Four Noble Truth 7 i `, o- ]0 N" T" m8 P
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八正道 Eightfold Path
/ Y, B+ H2 z+ T- O, T# }/ }# r, I! e+ H! b' P
无常 anity / V" Q- ?+ w! z) n* x) l
. {2 G/ ?9 x1 m2 w3 q 五行说 Theory of Five Elements % t+ [( c5 e5 C: R. T% K
' J1 R! A, a! x: j& K 无我 anatman / d/ s6 Y3 Q1 T7 E; u- g
5 G- O* C( `- f# e1 e
坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation + S5 Y! M2 B( I7 I: M1 }( @
6 H! B! A2 E: `5 s+ z6 y7 Z, W 空 sunyata
1 F: h0 {' m& x9 L/ \( A) K& `: |0 F- P) I7 V4 {
虚无 nothingness
4 c: O* {5 q8 M+ c/ T' l; e& h j4 `
双喜 double happiness(中),a doubled stroke of luck(英) - U0 v1 A l; {+ |4 H
2 \- n c! g2 `; ^2 D, b- K& s$ B 小品 witty skits ' m0 A! {% z( J5 J$ ^5 o" C: W7 o5 \ B
; D1 H8 A7 d* u
相声 cross-talk . ]) Q/ O2 ]- }3 l
3 G5 I2 d+ _ Y: c 噱头;掉包袱 gimmick, stunt ) G1 y$ A" c z* n2 b( x- ^
1 V8 V; d( X7 o/ }7 g
夜猫子 night people; night-owls / L/ {& E! |' [5 q Y
- U$ v& s/ Z: P6 M* @ 本命年 this animal year of sb.
5 R( q; R) y" a5 C+ u- X @' G+ z' {. N8 D9 R
处世之道 philosophy of life
$ G/ {8 q9 Q, m& p2 I# r
. V/ h0 B! q* w) { 姻缘 yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage)
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还愿 redeem a wish (vows) 1 T8 I$ H+ R# o* R+ P
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6 、具有文化特色的现代表述
( Z$ k. P! [8 U
% N! r& X x# ~1 W* D 大陆中国 Mainland China
9 g, m' U5 P. a! i2 c
3 E) v( ?% N6 D9 l* G# l8 q 红宝书 little red book
% @. t# q5 ]; C: I, l3 \. g; d9 {& [0 e: @/ R$ `* b) |
红色中国 socialist China " S% v+ I- m" @1 H6 S0 _
0 \ `6 Y$ U/ F; n 四化 Four Modernizations
% L& _! c0 ~5 D( @6 T Z( |# F; {# B7 z; ~: u4 Q
终生职业 job-for-life
+ P y6 o5 N& t2 b
. ]/ X- T5 D/ ]+ @! Q 铁饭碗 iron rice bowl
5 K7 W; P. Z& J' N) t" V. T5 F0 d
& o" y2 v: q/ L8 h+ F; [% y0 E. a# T 大锅饭 communal pot
2 I6 k H' [$ N, M; h, h1 E8 V* j( E) L* a0 Q# d
关系户 closely-related units : l3 i$ n4 M ?6 k
( P0 n9 k7 ~# t: I- P
外出打工人员 migrant workers
0 Y+ C8 s4 }) g t& _+ ?0 W: B3 P0 Z; u4 I% H* Z
关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild ' r! K! Q5 X/ ]) C$ x
, }( R* s d* M8 I$ H3 H 五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德):the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals ! Z( a& g- p# M. m: d: G9 p+ X
4 C* k/ m5 J1 L' _/ ^+ y! h 四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美): the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment
- @5 E. d: U3 w) {- w R+ l* |( M% s% `* K( D
+ `: _4 J6 r4 m, v6 M' D& B7 、中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items) 5 l" F: T8 B: Z/ z8 s
宣纸 rice paper
3 E" N& g$ t8 Z5 Y# R) x9 E. [- e2 C: c7 t3 g
衙门 yamen
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叩头 kowtow
1 t$ |$ t. O# }5 C5 t) y$ {2 L x( Q g! R
孔子Confucius 8 W8 N4 {! d1 X3 t7 K5 C0 N
* C: H* w3 Z# S* ]/ V% Q7 G 牌楼 pailou;pai-loo
- d* |" j, i) `: u0 p R; m( {
武术 wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)
. W" f( r# e- p+ K% }( D- s c2 v3 l w2 \
功夫 kungfu ;kung fu 4 F$ s8 k" ~% T- Z% z3 B: D
7 V: a" d: M8 ~5 v7 _1 m+ C
中庸 the way of medium (cf. Golden Means)
h9 I0 d! h1 E; C X
7 t1 U4 k! h8 r7 d) x; {% {& p& A 中和 harmony (zhonghe)
/ |# i, A. X7 P, S: D
/ n# C" P* \7 C; _+ L2 R 孝顺 to show filial obedience $ {/ Z. \! b% o
; H4 M- \+ y5 N" v& ? 孝子 dutiful son ) B3 V- F: D8 |, \
! H5 p1 w; ~5 C5 N- P# R 家长 family head
! P2 j1 ?$ r1 N* K" v
6 I. l' q$ S; s6 i 三纲:君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife ; k# M8 Q9 W2 J9 D) v n4 W' @
) l/ p; _- X7 C3 f8 g: t9 b0 q 五常:仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity
+ v( ^# u+ k( c' I
& b: }+ F% c0 A8 N) m7 S! l 八股文 eight-legged essays
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多子多福:The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness
" [9 i8 q, z; P9 z: Q U- A. v9 I/ c( S9 M8 {2 v
养儿防老:raising sons to support one in one’s old age
4 A# P4 U' n& U) X2 c; }6 l
* u( _$ P& t. s0 I- B% t8、 近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译 ) @! w8 j5 V* g+ G* V" a
/ T, r4 d% n9 s) q1 O
基层监督 grass-roots supervision 8 _; Z( }" e" \
7 }! O: g! x" R# Z7 O' H3 k7 P; N
基础税率 base tariff level
" o7 \) o- \/ v5 t; h- ?" Q' z. @6 V. g* |3 Y
婚介所 matrimonial agency - W7 O, \# s( E5 l
8 `& D {3 a: K$ e9 J6 M 婚外恋 extramarital love , A: U5 |+ d0 W' _) g# k) D$ ~2 Q B
$ }6 @. [) \; f3 N$ b( E* r 婚纱摄影 bride photo 9 K. Z/ N* Z9 h6 w3 Q0 U
' [3 W; J; M9 W% G0 P# e: S1 ?4 x
黑心棉 shoddy cotton . B# d$ p% P: P
$ @1 d0 E6 p- o 机器阅卷 machine scoring
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9 [8 f( l9 V2 ~2 w1 A% [( H 即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery
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( V4 Y- Q7 @5 `3 I! S$ l3 D' c" f% c0 s) N 集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development & h7 P+ a5 Y9 ?4 D
' }$ p; y2 [* M' W9 }7 A 价格听证会 public price hearings
( M# [8 w+ y3 g# \8 |% n9 ?3 }! p0 ?& a5 x
甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team ( j0 d$ p% x, v* R6 x% ^
% [9 E. b/ h2 ~6 `5 n/ N 家政服务 household management service + @# B F, L5 N& H0 L5 S
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加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion & j$ e4 G( s& B
% E: N; {$ ^1 d% J( b 假帐 accounting fraud " X( e; b. M0 Y. I0 i( N1 R
5 P6 M) |" g0 x& d6 \
叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel
@1 I: x& G5 i% D4 v% r' Y5 L0 d. H: m' q' I: ^0 _; n- i
矫情 use lame arguments 1 v7 F& G1 y6 E% l
0 u% P# T& P. q( z* p, H) U6 } 渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence
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' X; |- p% h) P5 X) u$ } 借调 temporarily transfer 3 y. [, ~( O/ s( \6 s. A9 v
, t8 e6 C9 }3 \ s8 B2 e( x
扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.
/ l; }* w7 I0 W1 G! m k" u6 @
) W+ L: E1 X: |' W; o6 z5 a 扩大内需,刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption G t7 l) V" g# y H( W& g: W
4 h @- n% ~) C! q; Y8 J
9 全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC) 7 X% ?' F0 z9 a( D3 U0 J
主席团Presidium 4 u8 M( z) \; g
常务委员会Standing Committee - v) U1 J) X4 u' ]; i* @7 Y( z
中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China
! M- i4 G. u2 V. F中央军事委员会Central Military Commission
# i- T |4 g* d/ T( W; a国务院State Council
3 e" G1 e5 B: A! C/ u6 \# l" E信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry # o: T/ ^# y7 l4 I; r5 U% _" H
文化部Ministry of Culture 6 C7 H" \( |" e! e( ?; S
卫生部Ministry of Public Health
% ^+ Y8 H7 p: O1 D4 [6 ] Z; X外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs , N3 S; z- P0 o5 p% O; _" J
国防部Ministry of National Defence
* N( v. S( i! Y教育部Ministry of Education
: U! \- h* v7 r公安部 Ministry of Public Security 0 k! P9 O6 j% ^; d9 Q0 G
国家安全部 Ministry of State Security ) K5 ~) |' J1 I7 A! T
中国人民银行People’s Bank of China & s% T7 |& m; V, \0 V: t
中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences * b: G# Y; h+ H: h1 u
中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
& L/ U7 e1 C* f; I+ }/ z* i中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering
& V6 u! N+ r) y# ?, n( K0 B, F, n最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court
" P3 J* s: A" x$ w, l2 `: n% x最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate . {4 s- [8 E3 O! Y8 n
中国共产党中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
% E3 ]- L$ g4 L6 ^中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC ( G3 M q+ @8 E' E
中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC
! t; j+ z7 a; {. `中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC % m/ O# K+ J3 B7 n2 g; F
中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC ' Z$ G9 ?* S% p. U) `8 z
中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC ' Z J# W2 H8 z0 }/ l! s- ]8 [
中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC
# Q9 t, C% r" h6 a$ P. n/ R5 q1 i中国人民政治协商会议The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)
- N' S' r4 G. d8 B中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会National Committee of the CPPCC 5 Y8 p. h$ W, w5 z
中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC 2 z U+ b7 U) {$ \
中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会办公厅General Offices of the CPPCC National Committee
* e- v% x! R6 @9 }0 @& n& v4 q0 c专门委员会Special Committee % b- b W6 w5 l
中国人民政治协商委员会地方委员会CPPCC Local Committees
- W+ ^/ r: J3 _6 i0 _5 i中国政党Chinese Parties
5 P2 N$ M" I+ l6 r- n+ S$ H/ o1 H中国共产党(中共)Communist Party of China (CPC)
# T2 ~8 C8 D2 L, e中国国民党革命委员会(民革)Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang & f7 x) |8 v& K- Z/ _; k9 C2 G. K4 i
中国民主同盟(民盟)Chinese Democratic League
; \- }" x2 K8 |( I: f中国民主建国会(民建)China Democratic National Construction Association % H ^$ E7 U6 M6 x: m/ i
中国民主促进会(民进)China Association for Promoting Democracy ; e0 g4 {/ M0 M5 H' c
中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party ( _5 P g0 F7 H
中国致公党China Zhi Gong Dang
6 W" X5 K$ q' S九三学社Jiu San Society
6 N- a! N; j* e2 z+ u y中国各级党政机关干部名称译名 ' e* |% K4 s y( l4 T+ H) d; p( ]
中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee 2 ]- v3 d& m5 W3 H" G
政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee
- S0 J1 h9 z2 J W% c3 [政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee + l" T# @3 \4 T9 [1 q& g/ b
书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee
0 c8 N) [ _$ R# F9 Y9 E- x! R- c) e中央委员 Member, Central Committee $ D( |8 {* E1 c% F! W7 K
候补委员 Alternate Member
2 T( Z# R# C5 e& i3 }) m…省委/市委书记 Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC ' B7 q& ?; a" T6 I, Q
中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People’s Republic of China
: w9 o, a) `/ I3 s9 E1 `全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People’s Congress 9 b' O3 Y- t- V
秘书长 Secretary-General
; \9 C5 w6 c' j& k! s主任委员 Chairman
# [: k B* Q' X+ R- S7 _! {委员 Member $ h9 u2 b+ o4 \& f
(地方人大)主任 Chairman, Local People’s Congress 0 E7 {0 b% j& x$ A4 G9 Y% o9 t
人大代表 Deputy to the People’s Congress # s3 a2 B: y6 r+ H' X1 z5 v4 n
国务院总理 Premier, State Council
7 a1 @5 t' T* f/ h* q. r6 k7 w9 C国务委员 State Councilor
: k2 a y! \; m1 _$ _% y秘书长 Secretary-General / q4 R; A, _$ n' e& K' ~ j* d+ X
(国务院各委员会)主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for
- G% M9 v- P3 a) B- l$ P2 N(国务院各部)部长 Minister : v, r; ^& N* G
部长助理 Assistant Minister
! k# d* }9 \% R司长 Director ! c0 C: ^- I3 g% B" s" U5 O4 y
局长 Director 7 R+ y" ~) F/ x7 l( c; |3 I
省长 Governor 8 m6 f9 X8 K$ {% u& ?
常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor
( b8 c- h9 v3 d% C( o1 O( Z6 b自治区人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional People’s Government |
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