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1、中国意念词(Chinesenesses)
4 V1 I7 m4 ^7 x' D& m) W 八卦 trigram
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* ] @: C8 b( \- ~9 N$ F6 @5 Z 阴、阳 yin, yang " y( D, o: X( ~0 q. f2 e# M
& W- r; a& w4 d0 r# z! P2 Q8 N: [ 道 Dao(cf. logo)
0 O( z; `8 B9 Q
/ j% U. F. K3 e" A9 n& b 江湖(世界) the jianghu World (the traits’ world) * F% w4 X, }3 B4 a+ o: l
2 ^8 Q* t0 j' U e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖,身不由己)
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0 I. ]$ g r9 ?( U* X1 T F 道 Daoism(Taoism)
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. H" [5 f4 X1 a0 Z' e S 上火 excessive internal heat
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儒学 Confucianism
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% C; c) r8 }/ c' o9 s 红学(《红楼梦》研究) redology ! l5 O& V9 P" p! g6 h* q
# X7 p9 i& }5 ?: A+ x, r, W1 v7 b 世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia $ P% R( X6 j2 Z0 _- U
6 P: ^; F) v. D/ N 开放 kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world)
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大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done
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伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded 0 d: @" F' \0 i: U, o
- W' F E3 G. u2 ]9 S, W' }. L 不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on … 3 P7 h, F6 |9 u! }( k
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合乎国情,顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people
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# }, z2 d0 E( i! W& y" _ 乱摊派,乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge & \5 y) t+ ]/ C+ T% e5 k
& h8 N+ F2 W7 [3 H; s 铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post - @- U6 ]( r* z3 M
8 m& {( q( G6 d/ ~2 p# u+ t 脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty
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治则兴,乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline ( @ ]% b8 @9 S8 o7 M
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1 }! v3 u' k8 W1 N* ` J' M2 、中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)
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3 g2 @+ z+ Q0 Z; ?) U 国庆节 National Day 4 r% k$ D4 B' f) n$ [" r/ p8 V( |
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中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day/Festival
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春节 Spring Festival / i% |, s7 m3 y" H$ d' P8 m; t- |: m0 f
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元宵节 Lantern Festival 2 b0 {0 C8 e, ~' z( A; v
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儿童节 Children’s Day
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0 a+ ? s- D8 `6 R& V# t6 d+ i 端午节 Dragon Boat Festival " ?- ]% k/ _4 X5 r
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妇女节 Women’s Day 0 w$ m6 \6 N9 f- B$ i; V
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泼水节 Water-Splashing Day
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教师节 Teachers’ Day . @8 z% y' k: ]' Z2 ^
6 j4 e m u6 u" a 五四青年节 Youth Day
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) p% Z$ o2 R9 t# i7 L4 [! e5 O3、中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods) ) S" c, ~* q9 p ], y' ?% ]2 G
0 I5 F# T& {8 |, X6 g2 t 馄饨 wonton ) o: ~4 ~8 j4 i9 L# ?. K
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锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi)
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花卷 steamed twisted rolls ; `0 y1 i6 \% Q( ] s/ ^
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套餐 set meal
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7 ]) ~0 M3 Y; y# r% J8 i8 \ 盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away / L; x; o- K# X) E% j/ a
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米豆腐 rice tofu . K( F9 W" o7 _ Q. ]
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魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu
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米粉 rice noodles 2 {; H' W7 T! C9 S9 R7 l- C! F' C# c
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冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.) ; T5 Y% F6 s5 B3 z
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火锅 chafing dish
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八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding
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粉丝 glass noodles
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豆腐脑 jellied bean curd 9 k1 I3 {; V( c/ X3 z
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4 ^8 S$ _" h* _9 ^3 e7 l4 、中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things)
5 v! [1 W4 U7 {& i. w 中国 电信 China Telecom
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中国 移动 China Mobile : J! i; T: r6 Y; @0 @3 m# m
' S/ }/ Y& v+ P3 P 十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan 0 t2 N. w. H1 f$ {. F5 S
- w! J6 a4 e1 w8 f1 Z' D- ^ 中国电脑联网 Chinanet
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三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project
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. s, ^' y8 M6 V3 H4 c 希望工程 Project Hope % ^/ h+ ~# Y( ?( i& \
, G" }$ f: s3 x& S; p8 Z 京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway 2 i- j' H0 M. y8 f1 Y
3 K; k* P9 b3 \# C, _ 扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project
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菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project ; f+ I3 {1 G7 H; g' i; ^1 Z
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温饱工程 Decent-Life Project : W; S/ U6 z( w A2 A. G0 }: p
- {1 T. K" U: E: r6 ] a9 _; I 安居工程 Economy Housing Project
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扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign 4 a# {9 u3 F3 y& {8 n q
) V9 {5 o+ r5 } 西部大开发 Go-West Campaign
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5 、特有的一些汉语词汇 : A$ B- \7 z' g: m3 }: A
; n+ i& H' v4 e" W 禅宗 Zen Buddhism . y+ p9 \ t! P* r3 g
$ V- y9 `4 _- a0 j6 V0 H [ 禅 dhyana; dhgaya
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混沌 chaos , _+ J- b3 a) w' l, m
& z M1 h1 c& O7 W Q
道 Daosim, the way and its power & A2 Y6 `, w5 m. _) v9 @) g! [
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四谛 Four Noble Truth
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八正道 Eightfold Path
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无常 anity * G- o1 O6 |' ]1 B
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五行说 Theory of Five Elements
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无我 anatman 5 U8 u, D3 h% G) H' N) n
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坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation
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空 sunyata & z2 }3 {5 n1 z$ i+ ^
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虚无 nothingness * d* m0 [8 a: ?% |* b+ p
+ ~, E6 w$ d& R6 n: v 双喜 double happiness(中),a doubled stroke of luck(英)
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小品 witty skits , u, x4 `' S# t
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相声 cross-talk
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+ J5 ^9 x( X7 a, |6 V) o 噱头;掉包袱 gimmick, stunt + y0 O/ L; C3 n6 p& e { N/ k" @
1 i$ P3 N# l) s 夜猫子 night people; night-owls
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本命年 this animal year of sb. & ] E% z, d' w3 x/ c
N4 d0 l* _1 T* c; e* K
处世之道 philosophy of life
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$ t7 B$ n- ~1 @! w" a8 T; ]: g 姻缘 yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage) ! t2 \/ `7 p' \# V" Y2 [! x4 \ u, N
( [! J% A' N7 R0 h+ V 还愿 redeem a wish (vows) - v, |! W# S) \7 y r* ?
" K9 S* g6 c( B0 r) X6 、具有文化特色的现代表述 $ e% E# `0 k* |2 a/ t* f8 Z1 ]
' }9 X& T/ ? I4 g5 T6 k 大陆中国 Mainland China
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红宝书 little red book , _: s2 X2 [4 O6 D$ _$ F3 e: G
* o# k3 T) {6 p+ m3 o 红色中国 socialist China - j |0 `) w/ G5 l! \6 _2 Z* X) D
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四化 Four Modernizations
1 Z, \; F0 \ X2 q6 M% ]
( S/ } }. a- e+ J7 C 终生职业 job-for-life * H9 x+ M: H& \% Q
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铁饭碗 iron rice bowl
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( p8 i; ^7 ]" W3 a9 J6 I- s# u 大锅饭 communal pot
8 o' R8 O/ L; N" f9 n' z' z
4 s9 R: F" j8 D( u6 L7 t, h5 j 关系户 closely-related units + R* E' Z& S4 o
2 C6 k2 |8 L- Q' `' u 外出打工人员 migrant workers 1 l& J |' j% c
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关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild
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/ o4 ^6 ~5 L7 C% F1 r9 r 五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德):the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals $ J% E) x8 W+ ^2 P& v
& N6 \2 s1 N+ @& q 四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美): the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment ) ~, J( r0 o- i2 P
5 a4 g; P6 m5 C5 J& J8 a2 _+ X
9 b' h; R) A% \. F9 j$ d6 i7 、中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items) 4 ~* N% O4 S) L
宣纸 rice paper
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) U8 f/ I- I2 G, d 衙门 yamen
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+ r& y- O# T7 K6 x 叩头 kowtow - r; M! d) s Z0 H$ P4 l8 X6 y
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孔子Confucius ) M- l9 m0 ~. D/ }! [: M( _
2 {! _% _) j E0 ]- F7 L3 f
牌楼 pailou;pai-loo
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) T$ E+ I# F$ v9 y9 y2 F 武术 wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)
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* ?4 I6 l' R( B) Y0 _1 r% o) | 功夫 kungfu ;kung fu
3 S P, y; f5 a7 ]- `$ Y
9 r2 r2 ]( H+ F" S- \. a% x' I 中庸 the way of medium (cf. Golden Means) p: q1 N0 x. Y) w3 Z! t
$ L2 @0 {' E/ b) D3 V 中和 harmony (zhonghe) # n$ ]. o4 P4 w$ N7 t
, h/ J: L* N1 @; a* @$ Q9 V 孝顺 to show filial obedience
2 D8 G% M! w% @9 q. R L/ o/ K3 m; }. J! I2 m6 e* ~
孝子 dutiful son
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5 y# ^) `' Q6 s 家长 family head
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三纲:君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife 5 @! Z. ~8 U/ l) {) g
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五常:仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity 6 c, M8 X3 ?: N6 q% h
* I. ^0 {* E+ @, R 八股文 eight-legged essays & @1 G6 o7 j1 e# O' r
7 a) q' s7 f) v- u
多子多福:The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness # L# m3 [& ` U
1 c; {" v- w" l- M) Q2 U 养儿防老:raising sons to support one in one’s old age 1 G1 o1 V+ t5 N; ]0 x" p
1 ^$ W9 X9 R6 W/ c9 @8、 近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译
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2 Z o5 x* S( n/ c 基层监督 grass-roots supervision 1 q2 U7 i( F8 W/ }4 ]+ ^! K
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基础税率 base tariff level - G' v5 _" ~" H4 n9 P2 U
$ \1 N4 C' h* C0 @ 婚介所 matrimonial agency
- M7 x5 `) c& I5 i1 J5 B3 ]! u! G" O1 Z$ D8 m( U6 d0 `+ I7 y
婚外恋 extramarital love . h {8 \& V3 U( r& X
9 M/ a8 i9 H6 C- V% B" s 婚纱摄影 bride photo
6 o: D4 _' J# ^' L9 o% q" x# y- O6 J& d1 T
黑心棉 shoddy cotton 8 f) g. M2 C0 ~! |! @1 q
0 v! J- ]2 M% q5 v- Z. y# T 机器阅卷 machine scoring ! U% S. q* `7 h; o, Q' e- o6 X
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即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery ! Z7 a S7 b& [! C7 {
0 f* o% t$ S6 G! I: @ 集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development : V- Y; O* M: \9 ~$ Q5 e! f J
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价格听证会 public price hearings 0 Y, c* _, l4 E" @
8 ]. Q. s r7 N3 s
甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team # U+ c! _+ \& v9 e
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家政服务 household management service
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加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion
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3 F4 c2 t' e4 [ k4 w; a3 U! D% g 假帐 accounting fraud
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叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel
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矫情 use lame arguments
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渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence * v9 P0 K8 J. w, {
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借调 temporarily transfer ) \- s8 B. Z- k' K
) j; S% E! @, x
扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.
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扩大内需,刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption
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9 A' I6 r. C. u$ r' K2 W( L9 全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC) * L- _1 I- A: v) V
主席团Presidium & a o$ X5 m# {2 `* g
常务委员会Standing Committee & E1 q7 s+ t# {! w6 v
中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China
; e7 f8 b2 `2 x- j) a; V中央军事委员会Central Military Commission
+ |3 s- l. ]: y& k ^6 I; Q$ a/ t国务院State Council * i, R" U- Z+ F% j& H( y
信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry 0 y$ r* ~/ J# B% Z [3 p
文化部Ministry of Culture 4 B- n7 M$ E/ X3 ]9 u; H" g
卫生部Ministry of Public Health
' _' o& P" ^# q- C$ v- }外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs
v. m2 ], ^ F6 O5 [ t国防部Ministry of National Defence ( \9 l1 K% _+ @
教育部Ministry of Education
0 J4 P) ^- O6 \" D E+ U6 b公安部 Ministry of Public Security 3 q( L# e& r! X3 _1 I
国家安全部 Ministry of State Security
8 Q+ J5 t3 ]; E- `; t. \中国人民银行People’s Bank of China
- K0 C2 t4 g5 i5 E5 }( O5 k! T中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences
2 }% {7 ~( j# E" K中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
: C, j1 \" l" G, m, r) O l& c中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering 3 X* z; Z. v- E
最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court
6 F `5 f$ ` H! ?最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate
# [' L. E6 \4 D: N中国共产党中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
9 y: g+ E& \* R! V* m! z中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC 1 X' u8 X7 C+ U) v$ ?( I$ |+ S
中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC 3 L' b9 `% K$ k2 a# v! a& q& R
中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC
! Y9 m* M, y1 n6 [! w. `* f中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC " ^) E* C2 Q v4 U. G* F) A5 s
中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC * `/ r5 }1 b4 ^0 c+ }7 _
中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC . F" B( Q& @. u7 j+ k) J U9 e
中国人民政治协商会议The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)
& X- P1 ]' _8 \3 x6 \+ Z中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会National Committee of the CPPCC 1 j5 t( G; O" w4 W
中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC 1 \, T/ l0 P9 }
中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会办公厅General Offices of the CPPCC National Committee m% |2 J4 B0 w9 \/ O
专门委员会Special Committee : Q" C8 }; O8 F
中国人民政治协商委员会地方委员会CPPCC Local Committees Y& O" M3 \( x/ T: l8 s) E
中国政党Chinese Parties
6 r* n) V6 b* A中国共产党(中共)Communist Party of China (CPC) 0 X* o: s# d. W/ ^
中国国民党革命委员会(民革)Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang
7 J5 Y N- l2 p8 d; N8 a+ L% y( Y中国民主同盟(民盟)Chinese Democratic League / }8 ^& y3 i0 J$ ]0 I# b
中国民主建国会(民建)China Democratic National Construction Association
1 J& ~2 f @# f/ H; _中国民主促进会(民进)China Association for Promoting Democracy & N$ x. j; Y o1 t
中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party
, P2 ^( [1 E+ R3 F& i/ Y- a中国致公党China Zhi Gong Dang 5 n4 d' z& a# P2 a5 x' _9 z' ?& o
九三学社Jiu San Society 3 f5 S$ C M! }7 N" C, c5 \
中国各级党政机关干部名称译名 ( u {9 }7 f" c- s2 [
中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee 6 Q, q) W/ w7 j r K$ J
政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee 6 _/ o( ^# }8 _ k
政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee
0 b* g# s9 R* m! M9 G2 P) z书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee ( W) S& C3 ~$ {% h
中央委员 Member, Central Committee o1 g+ y5 V% U0 c# m! @: X# c
候补委员 Alternate Member
* a3 b$ b2 B( z" L1 U: l…省委/市委书记 Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC 9 _( U9 {! t! U G$ @/ ^
中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People’s Republic of China ( w/ p9 A" J- ]$ X
全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People’s Congress 1 }) ~! P. ?5 m( V/ N* L
秘书长 Secretary-General & Q" m$ x: v7 C0 L% j- m3 Z. `
主任委员 Chairman : E8 x& b3 T9 Q! o, ^2 I& q
委员 Member
2 A; N* d F4 g; B3 z(地方人大)主任 Chairman, Local People’s Congress ; H5 Y6 j$ g5 X. _5 G
人大代表 Deputy to the People’s Congress
0 p- C1 v+ f$ R" B国务院总理 Premier, State Council
9 D& k- g3 ^ |& }* @) J7 `国务委员 State Councilor
1 ]* Y- b: ]( Z8 ~# o+ v& d: D秘书长 Secretary-General
& F9 ~2 I8 x3 x(国务院各委员会)主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for
8 F2 p5 I7 v3 C$ n+ W(国务院各部)部长 Minister [$ ^5 Z% s9 B& W' \
部长助理 Assistant Minister % R$ t! x' }: d Q* u3 K
司长 Director
. ]. t8 S# `0 l0 a! L( p局长 Director
0 {! B: }, I% U: I省长 Governor ; U2 [3 {0 O0 m- `3 j& ]% ?* E
常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor
, f d5 V y5 H) r- w, U自治区人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional People’s Government |
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