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本帖最后由 吃花生的大灰狼 于 2009-7-15 21:16 编辑
是不是positive research是研究系统内部结构关系的；
normative是研究系统如何运行的。
那么normative一般采用什么方法论呢？比较法？
opop 发表于 2009-7-15 12:37 
Not really. Both belong to positive research.
Positive research is concerned with what an existing system is in the reality, including its structure, its features and how it works. For example, you investigate the current German high education system, its structure, its advantages and drawbacks etc. No doubt, you can also compare the German high education system with the Chinese one.
In contrast, normative research is concerned with what the system should be. It needs not to be the reality. For example, optimization is a kind of normative research. You may contend that the current German high education system does not match the requirements and is not efficient. You propose a new education system and argue that a modern education system should work in that way instead of the current way.
Forecast also falls into the group of normative research. For example, based on your study, you expect how the German high education system will evolve in the future.
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发表于 2009-7-15 12:37
