2007 Nobel 文学奖

pinguo

2007年10月11日晚上7时，诺贝尔文学奖委员会宣布，英国女作家莱辛获2007年诺贝尔文学奖。生于1919年，主要作品有《金色笔记》《青草在歌唱》等。
获奖理由：“这个表述女性经验的诗人，以其怀疑主义精神，火一样的热情和丰富的想象力，对一个分裂的文化作了详尽细致的考察”。


　多丽丝·莱辛（1919—）为当代英国最重要的作家之一。她1919年出生于伊朗，原姓泰勒。父母是英国人。在莱辛5岁时她全家迁往罗得西亚，此后20余年家境贫困。她15岁（又有说是12—13岁）时因眼疾辍学，在家自修。  

16岁开始工作，先后当过电话接线员、保姆、速记员等等。她青年时期积极投身反对殖民主义的左翼政治运动，曾一度参加共产党。荣辛曾两次结婚并离异，共有3个孩子。1949年她携幼子移居英国当时两手空空，囊中如洗，全部家当是皮包中的一部小说草稿。该书不久以《青草在歌唱》（1950）为题出版，使莱辛一举成名，它以黑人男仆杀死家境桔据、心态失衡的白人女主人的案件为题材，侧重心理刻画，表现了非洲殖民地的种族压迫与种族矛盾。此后莱辛陆续发表了五部曲《暴力的孩子们》——即《玛莎·奎斯特》（1952）、《良缘》（1954）、《风暴的余波》（1958）、《被陆地围住的》（1965）以及《四门之城》（1969）——以诚实细腻的笔触和颇有印象主义色彩的写实风格展示了一位在罗得西亚长大的白人青年妇女的人生求索。这期间她还完成了一般被公认是她的代表作的《金色笔记》（1962）。大约从六十年代以来，莱辛对当代心理学及伊斯兰神秘主义思想的兴趣在作品中时有体现，但她仍然关注重大的社会问题。七十年代中她撰写了有关个人精神崩溃的《简述下地狱》（1971）及讨论人类文明前途的《幸存着回忆录》（1974）。《黑暗前的夏天》（1973）讲述一位中年家庭主妇的精神危机。此后她另辟蹊径，推出一系列总名为《南船座中的老人星：档案》的所谓“太空小说”；包括《什卡斯塔》（1979）、《第三、四、五区域间的联姻》（1980）、《天狼星试验》（1981）、《八号行星代表的产生》（1982）等，以科幻小说的形式写出了对人类历史和命运的思考与忧虑。莱辛是一位多产作家，除了长篇小说以外，还著有诗歌、散文、剧本，短篇小说中也有不少佳作。近年来仍不断有新作问世。象《简·萨默斯日记》（1984）和《好恐怖分子》（1985）一类作品，就题材和风格而言，似是对作者早伍写实方法的一种回归。　　

[ 本帖最后由 pinguo 于 2007-10-11 15:53 编辑 ]

pinguo

知道大家搞自然科学或者工程技术的居多，来点领域之外的也不错呀！

pinguo

STOCKHOLM, Sweden (AP) -- Doris Lessing, author of dozens of works from short stories to science fiction, including the classic "The Golden Notebook," won the Nobel Prize for literature Thursday. She was praised by the judges for her "skepticism, fire and visionary power."


Lessing was awarded the Nobel for her writing on the "female experience."

The Swedish academy's announcement was stunning even by the standards of Nobel judges, who have been known for such surprises as Austria's Elfriede Jelinek and Italy's Dario Fo.

Lessing, 11 days short of her 88th birthday, is the oldest choice ever for a prize that usually goes to authors in their 50s and 60s. Although she is widely celebrated for "The Golden Notebook" and other works, she has received little attention in recent years and has been criticized as strident and eccentric.

Even Lessing apparently was not expecting to win, the academy's permanent secretary Horace Engdahl told The Associated Press.

"I've phoned her but there's been no answer. She was not sitting and waiting for my call," Engdahl said. "She doesn't know yet, and I'm afraid she's out taking a stroll somewhere in the park and people will attack her with the news."

Lessing's agent, Jonathan Clowes, said the London-based author was out shopping when the prize was announced.

"We are absolutely delighted and it's very well deserved," Clowes said.

However, American literary critic Harold Bloom called the academy's decision "pure political correctness."

"Although Ms. Lessing at the beginning of her writing career had a few admirable qualities, I find her work for the past 15 years quite unreadable ... fourth-rate science fiction," Bloom told The Associated Press.

A largely self-taught author who ended formal schooling at age 13, Lessing has drawn heavily from her time living in Africa, exploring the divide between whites and blacks, most notably in 1950's "The Grass Is Singing," which examined the relationship between a white farmer's wife and her black servant. The academy called it "both a tragedy based in love-hatred and study of unbridgeable racial conflicts."

A prolific author even in her 80s, Lessing was born to British parents who were living in what is now Bakhtaran, Iran. Her many works include short stories, essays and such novels as "The Good Terrorist" and "Martha Quest," the latter part of her semi-autobiographical "Children Of Violence" series.

But to millions she is known for "The Golden Notebook," published in 1962 and still a feminist classic although Lessing does not consider the book a political statement.

"The burgeoning feminist movement saw it as a pioneering work and it belongs to the handful of books that inform the 20th century view of the male-female relationship," the academy said in its citation announcing the prize.

Lessing was also cited for her "vision of global catastrophe forcing mankind to return to a more primitive life, noting such recent works as "Mara and Dann" and its sequel, "The Story of General Dann and Mara's Daughter, Griot and the Snow Dog," published in 2005.

"When you look at my life, you can go back to the late 1930s," she told the AP in an interview a year ago. "What I saw was, first of all, Hitler, he was going to live forever. Mussolini was in for 10,000 years. You had the Soviet Union, which was, by definition, going to last forever. There was the British empire -- nobody imagined it could come to an end. So why should one believe in any kind of permanence?"

Lessing is the second British writer to win the prize since 2005, when Harold Pinter received the award. Last year, the academy gave the prize to Turkey's Orhan Pamuk.

A seasoned traveler of the world, Lessing has known many homes, from Persia to Zimbabwe to South Africa to London, where she lives on a quiet block in a neighborhood long favored by artists and intellectuals.

Like Pinter, Pamuk and other recent Nobel winners, Lessing has a history of political controversy. Because of her criticism of the South Africa's former apartheid system, she was prohibited from entering the country between 1956 and 1995. Lessing, a member of the British Communist Party in the 1950s who later rejected leftist ideology, had been active in campaigning against nuclear weapons.

The literature award was the fourth of this year's Nobel Prizes to be announced. On Wednesday, Gerhard Ertl of Germany won the 2007 Nobel Prize in chemistry for studies of chemical reactions on solid surfaces, which are key to understanding such questions as why the ozone layer is thinning.

Tuesday, France's Albert Fert and German Peter Gruenberg won the physics award for discovering a phenomenon that enables computers and digital music players store reams of data on ever-shrinking hard disks.

Americans Mario R. Capecchi and Oliver Smithies, and Briton Sir Martin J. Evans, won the medicine award on Monday for groundbreaking discoveries that led to a powerful technique for manipulating mouse genes.

Prizes for peace and economics will be announced through October 15.

The awards -- each worth $1.5 million -- will be handed out by Sweden's King Carl XVI Gustaf at a ceremony in Stockholm on December 10.

[ 本帖最后由 pinguo 于 2007-10-11 15:57 编辑 ]

stubor

这年头了，得文学奖的还可以在家自修成才。

行业差别啊。