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关于灵魂，确实是一个很有意思的话题。
山姆 帕尼尔（Sam Parnia MD/PhD）
医学博士/博士
高级临床研究员
英国南安普顿大学
毕业于伦敦盖伊与圣托马斯医学院，帕尼尔博士在南安普顿大学创立了意识研究小组，他同时还是伦敦西北泰晤士区的一名内科于呼吸科的专科注册医师。他与芬威克博士(Dr Fenwick)合作的关于濒死体验的研究，以其前瞻性获得了国际上广泛的媒体关注。关于此项研究，帕尼尔博士已在2001发表的论文《关于对心跳骤停幸存者濒死体验的产生、特征以及病理学的定量定性研究》(A qualitative and quantitative study of the incidence, features and aetiology of near death experiences in cardiac arrest survivors)中，和2006年出版的著作《濒死一刻：对于生命与死亡本原的一项开创性研究》(What Happens When We Die: A Groundbreaking Study into the Nature of Life and Death)中进行了详尽描述。
这项研究是在南安普顿综合医院进行的，帕尼尔博士与芬威克博士在一年的时间内对63名心跳骤停幸存者进行了研究。其中有56名(88.8%)病人对失去意识期间没有任何回忆，余下7名(11.1%)幸存者则称有回忆。而后研究小组对这7名病人的回忆应用格雷森濒死体验指标(Greyson NDE scale)进行了评估。根据指标，4名病人拥有濒死体验，另3名病人并未满足格雷森指标，因此无法称为严格意义的濒死体验。不过有趣的是，此3人中的2人出现了濒死体验中的部分特征（例如体会到安宁或遇到逝去的亲属），但是由于没有全部满足所以无法通过指标测试。7人中仅有1人有失去意识期间的回忆，但是没有出现典型的濒死体验特征。
帕尼尔博士在论文中总结到，从心脏骤停中抢救过来的病人极少保留回忆，而此研究中有回忆的病人大都声称出现濒死体验并感到愉悦。在心脏骤停这个过程中产生的濒死体验显然揭示了意识和大脑的可能联系，但是对于濒死体验的真正意义和病理学研究尚需要更多的大规模研究。
http://www.baike.com/wiki/%E5%B1 ... 5%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94
Near Death Research[edit]
Parnia has written that the term near death experience refers to mental states sharing some kind of transcendental or religious characteristics irrespective of the underlying pathophysiological states.[18] According to Parnia, the term creates problems for clinical studies because different researchers could be studying patients with very different pathophysiological conditions under the same umbrella term. Some patients could face critical medical conditions, others instead less serious conditions. Some researchers could even study perfectly healthy subjects who had some sort religious experience. So, in order to do away with ambiguity and to reduce the scientific debate and controversy associated with studying mental states of patients and/or subjects under very different pathophysiological conditions, Dr Sam Parnia narrowed the focus of his research on the cognitive experiences of patients who had a cardiac arrest, hence who actually died. This allows to precisely study the mental experience of death "since the final common biological pathway to death is cardiac arrest". In other words, in order to die, you need to have a cardiac arrest and the process is well-known. Parnia has renamed the experiences occurring during cardiac arrest with a score of 7 or above on the Greyson's scale[19] to actual death experiences (instead of near death experiences).
In 2001, Parnia and colleagues investigated out of body claims by placing figures on suspended boards facing the ceiling, not visible from the floor. Parnia wrote "anybody who claimed to have left their body and be near the ceiling during resuscitation attempts would be expected to identify those targets. If, however, such perceptions are psychological, then one would obviously not expect the targets to be identified."[19] The philosopher Keith Augustine, who examined Parnia's study, has written that all target identification experiments have produced negative results.[20] Psychologist Chris French wrote regarding the study "unfortunately, and somewhat atypically, none of the survivors in this sample experienced an OBE."[21]
In 2003, Parnia and Peter Fenwick appeared in the BBC documentary "The Day I Died".[5] In the documentary Parnia and Fenwick discussed their belief that research from near-death experiences (NDEs) indicates the mind is independent of the brain. According to Susan Blackmore the documentary mislead viewers with beliefs that are rejected by the majority of scientists. Blackmore criticized the documentary for biased and "dishonest reporting".[22]
In his book Erasing Death and a series of interviews, Parnia has explained that although most people view death as irreversible, he claims that resuscitation research shows it may be reversible.[10][23] Parnia has said he is uncertain the brain produces the mind and has suggested that memory is not neuronal.[24] He has claimed that research from NDEs may show the "mind is still there after the brain is dead".[25] However, neurologist Michael O'Brien has written that "most people would not find it necessary to postulate such a separation between mind and brain to explain the events," and suggested that further research is likely to provide a physical explanation for near-death experiences.[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Parnia
山姆 帕尼尔的实验只是要病人说出感受，并不是辨识出什么物体。
你说的中国青年报：追问濒死体验的调查，应该也是存在的事实，也是调查人在频死时的感受。
道家和中医也讲人有三魂七魄，并依此来治病救人，但也是无法证明的，比较玄的东西。
中央电视台曾经采访过一个村子，这个村子的人很多都有转世的体验，能说出前世是谁，但也没法被确证，只是一些是是而非的证据。
人在大脑出现病变时，会出现幻觉，幻听幻视或幻嗅。人在练气功，冥想的时候也会出现幻觉，例如闻到异香，看到金光，感觉自己在腾云驾雾等等，这些都是人体大脑的正常反映，不能证明核心的问题，灵魂是否能脱离大脑神经元而独立存在。
人当然是有灵魂的动物，问题的关键是这个灵魂是能否脱离人体而独立存在，目前还没有被科学的证明。
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发表于 2016-3-30 17:00
楼主
发表于 2016-3-30 18:24