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一直想总结一下，这三个国家的园林方面的重要代表。如下。
中文为本人大概的注释。
爱尔兰
I1、The Gardens as they exist today were largely created by Lord Milo Talbot in the years 1948 to 1973 and cover an area of over 8ha - 6.5ha of shrubbery and 1.5ha of Walled Gardens. An emphasis has been placed on the cultivation of plants from the Southern Hemisphere. (Country Dublin)
花园主要由Milo Talbot国王于1948～1973年建造，花园灌木占地8ha - 6.5ha， 围墙花园占地1.5ha. 花园中的一些植物来自南半球。
I2、The history of the Talbots of Malahide stretches back virtually unbroken to 1185 when the property was granted to Robert Talbot by Prince John, Lord of Ireland. The castle is the oldest to be continually inhabited by the same family and, apart from a period during which they were evicted by Cromwell, the Talbots lived there until 1975. The castle has the only surviving original medieval great hall hung with an impressive collection of family portraits. It is said that 14 Talbot cousins breakfasted here before riding out to the Battle of the Boyne in 1690, never to return. The delightful demesne was created by (Milo) Lord Talbot de Malahide between 1948 and 1973 and contains over 5,000 different species of trees and shrubs. (County Dublin)
一直由一家人居住的最古老的城堡，Talbots家族一直居住到1975年， 期间曾被 克伦威尔驱逐。
I3、One of the world's great gardens situated 20km south of Dublin in the foothills of the Wicklow Mountains. The gardens were begun by Richard Wingfield, Viscount Powerscourt, in the 1740s. The word garden belies the magnitude of this creation which stretches out over 20ha. It is a sublime blend of formal gardens, sweeping terraces, statuary and ornamental lakes together with secret hollows, rambling walks, walled gardens and over 200 variations of trees and shrubs. (County Wicklow)
世界最著名的花园之一，位于都柏林南20公里的Wichlow山麓。花园由 理查德 文非尔德爵士，于1740年左右建造。它是一个混和式的花园， 斜坡，雕塑，人工湖，山谷，小路，小花园齐具。包含了超过两百种的树木。
I4、Knockabbey Castle has evolved over the last millennium and each of the families who lived there have left their mark. They contain some of the finest historical water gardens to be found anywhere in the country, dating back to the 11th century. The gardens contain a wide range of magnificent specimen trees and is tulip tree ranks among the largest and finest in Ireland. (County Louth)
Knockabbey 城堡存在了一千年， 曾经居住在这里的每一家人都留下了各自的印记。其中最出色的而富于历史的水花园，其历史可追溯到11世纪。公园包含了很多华丽的树种， 其中郁金香是整个爱尔兰最丰富，数量最多的。
I5、Take in the Chilean fir trees, Australian gums, South African lilies, New Zealand cabbage trees, New Zealand cherries, Japanese maples, North American dogwoods, South American fuchsias not to mention a Killarney strawberry tree. The gardens surrounding the shell of MacThomas' medieval keep have a dramatic setting looking towards the mountains girdled by the Ring of Kerry. Camellias, magnolias, roses and rhododendrons flourish in the sheltered grounds together with rare specimens like the aromatic-leaved 'Headache' tree and the Chinese swamp cypress. (County Kerry)
此花园，包含智利衫树，澳洲橡胶，南美百合，新西兰卷心树，新西兰桂树，日本槭木等等，绿荫草坪盛开着包含中国沼泽柏在内的各种花卉。
I6．Woodstock Gardens and Arboretum are located in the picturesque village of Inistioge on the banks of the River Nore. The gardens were once regarded as one of the great gardens of Ireland and with this in mind, Kilkenny County Council has embarked on an ambitious scheme of restoration. (County Kilkenny)
Woodstock 花园植物园， 位于Nore河畔的 Inistioge村庄。 此花园曾经被誉为爱尔兰最美丽的花园之一。
I7．Prince John built the original castle in 1185. The Estate was granted for a time to Walter Raleigh for a rent of £12 per annum. The gardens are set in seven acres within the 17th century outer defensive walls and have spectacular views of the castle. The gardens are believed to be the oldest in Ireland retaining much of their original Jacobean form. A recently planted herbaceous border aligned on the Cathedral's spire gives an impressive show of colour throughout the summer months. (COunty Waterford)
约翰王子1185年建造的城堡。城堡曾经一度以每年£12的价格租给Walter Raleigh。 根据不同的景色，和防护墙，花园被分成七个部分。该花园是爱尔兰公认的最古老的保持了 雅格比风格的花园。
I8．A supremely romantic garden: laid out largely in the early twentieth century and Robinsonian in style, it also incorporates elements of an earlier, eighteenth century 'ornamented glen' and landscape. Behind the eighteenth-century house, secretive paths wind down past limestone cliffs and offer glimpses of the river, lily ponds and wild meadow below. (County Cork)
经典浪漫花园，展现了12世纪和Robinsonian的风格， 同时融合了18世纪的幽谷和风景。绕过18世纪的房子，幽静的小路经过峭壁，你可以看到河流，池塘，和牧场。
I9．Kylemore Abbey is the home of the Benedictine Nuns in Ireland. Built originally as a Castle (1868), it is one of the best examples of Irish neo-gothic architecture. A complimentary shuttle bus service takes visitors from the Abbey to the Garden which also features a Woodland Walk Museum, restored garden buildings, tea house, gift shop and exhibition. (County Galway)
Kylemore Abbey 是 爱尔兰Benedictine Nun家族的家乡。该城堡建造于1868年， 是爱尔兰新哥特式建筑的经典之作。
I10．The Victorian Walled Garden was laid out in 1867, and marked the final stage of Mitchell Henry’s transformation of a wilderness of rock and bog to a country estate in the 'Irish Highlands'. It took three years to complete. The garden is surrounded by a wall which is half a mile long (800 meters). The fashion of enclosing a garden from the wilderness outside was on the wane by the late 1800’s and the garden at Kylemore was probably the last garden in Ireland to be built on such a grand scale. Kylemore Walled Garden was one of the most impressive in Ireland of the era. (County Galway)
维多利亚城堡花园，建于1867年，标志着Mitchell Henry最后的由荒石，泥潭转变为爱尔兰国家自然特色遗产的作品，耗时3年。花园由800米的长墙包围。
I11．Birr Castle is the private family home of the Parsons family. The Demesne has become world famous for its exotic tree and plant collections, rivers and lake, formal gardens, terraces and wildflower meadows exuding an atmosphere of intimacy as well as grandeur. (County Offaly)
Birr城堡是 帕森家族的私人住所。此地因富于奇异的树木，河流，湖泊，小花园，田野和野花牧场，空气芬芳而闻名世界。
I12．Fascinating eighteenth-century house with nineteenth-century additions, home of Lord Castlereagh; one of the greatest gardens in Ireland, largely created by the wife of the seventh Marquis of Londonderry, with an unrivalled collection of rare and unusual plants, colourful parterres and magnificent formal and informal vistas. The Temple of the Winds, James 'Athenian' Stuart's banqueting hall of 1785, overlooks Strangford Lough. (County Down)
迷幻于18世纪的房子，和19世纪的遗迹，Castlereagh国王的家园，爱尔兰最美丽花园之一，由伦敦德里市的第七个侯爵的妻子创造。花园包含了很多稀有植物，绚丽的花圃，和很多自然和非自然的景色。
法国
F1,Fontainebleau, The palace at Fontainebleau has architectural elements from the 16th to the 19th century. In the 16th century, Henry II and Catherine de Medici commissioned architects Philibert Delorme and Jean Bullant to build a new palace on the site. Italian Mannerist artists Rosso Fiorentino and Primaticcio came to assist in the interior decoration, helping to found the School of Fontainebleau
枫丹白露的宫殿融合了从16到19世纪的建筑元素。在16世纪， 亨利二世和 凯瑟琳 梅地奇 委托建筑师Philibert Delorme 和 Jean Bullant建筑一个新的宫殿。意大利华丽派艺术家Fiorentino 和 Primaticcio来协助内部的装饰，并主建了枫丹白露学校。
F2,Chateau de Champs- sur Marne, The château in its current state dates back to the begining of the XVIII century. The Treasurer Charles Renouard de la Touane commissioned Pierre Bullet, the king's architect, to build this unique chateau in 1699. Used as a set for many films including, Jefferson in Paris, Vatel and Liaisons Dangereuses, among others
Champs- sur Marne 城堡，始于18世纪。 富豪Charles 于1699年委托皇家建筑师来建造此花园。曾做为多部电影的外景地，包括 《杰佛逊在巴黎》，《绝处险境》等。
F3,Giverny the gardens of Claude Monet - some 400,000 people are estimated to visit Giverny yearly, more than any other site in Normandy. "I am totally enraptured, Giverny is a splendid place for me," Claude Monet wrote
Giverny， 克劳德•莫奈特的花园，据统计，每年接待400,000游客， 多于Normandy的其他景点。
F4,Chenonceau is not only remarkable for its architecture and history but also for the fine quality of its collections as can be seen from the inside visit: Renaissance furniture, a vast ensemble of XVI th and XVII th centuries tapestries and a great number of masterpieces. Le Primatice, Rubens, Tintoretto, Rigaud, Nattier, Van Loo are among the most famous names that can be found there
Chenonceau 的闻名不仅在于其建筑和历史，还在于内部文艺复兴时期的家具，16，19世纪的织品，和大量的手工艺术品。
F5,The Chateau of Vaux-le-Vicomte was built in 1658-61 for Nicholas Fouquet, the finance minister of Louis XIV. The architects were Louis LeVau and Jules Hardouin-Mansart; the gardens were designed by André LeNôtre. Fouquet was jailed shortly after the opening celebrations of the chateau, and Louis XIV afterwards employed the designers for his palace at Versailles
Vaux-le-Vicomte城堡建于 1658－1661年，由当时路易14的财务大臣Nicholas Fouquet兴建。花园由 André LeNôtre设计，聘用建筑师Louis LeVau 和 Jules Hardouin-Mansart(这两位建筑师随后被路易十四聘用建筑凡尔赛皇宫). 但城堡启用庆典不久， 它的主人，财务大臣Nicholas Fouque便锒铛入狱。
F6,The Château de Chantilly stands at the heart of a vast domain covering 7 800 hectares, located in one of the largest forests near Paris, Le Massif de Trois Forêts (Chantilly, Halatte and Ermonville forests). The Château and estate have been built up by the owners of Chantilly since the Middle Ages. The Château de Chantilly has one of the finest museums of historical paintings in France (after the Louvre in Paris) and a library well stocked with rare and precious books and manuscripts
Chantilly 城堡位于靠近巴黎附近最大的森林。城堡由Chantilly于中世纪兴建，并拥有，含有法国最好的历史绘画博物馆和一个包含稀有古籍和珍贵手稿的藏书馆。
F7,The Château de Villandry, built in the 16th century is very close to Azay le Rideau and almost contemporary with it. Italian and Middle Ages influences have completely disappeared . Villandry castle prefigures the French classical style, also known as the Henry IV Style
Villandry城堡建于16世纪， 几乎与Azay le Rideau 同时期。 意大利和中世纪的影响已经消失了。Villandry城堡确立了被成为“亨利四世”的法国古典风格。
F8,The Jardins des Tuileries in Paris is a park in the heart of Paris connecting Place de la Concorde with Musée du Louvre. This is an elegant as well as enjoyable park. In the western end of the park you can take a ride on the big ferris wheel and in the summer there is a fair in the park. The park was laid out in 1660's by the royal gardener André Le Nôtre
巴黎的Tuileries Jardins 是巴黎连接Concorde宫殿喝Musée du Louvre的中心部分。这是一个优雅的公园。公园始建于1660年代，由皇家园林师André Le Nôtre主持兴建。
F9,Chateau du Plessis. Undoubtedly made rich by his important job as Minister of Finance and principal confidant of King Louis XI, in 1462 Jean Bourré bought a property known as Plessis-Le-Vent, an old manor house on the basis of which he started to build the present Château in 1468. Within five years the masterpiece was complete. Today we have the good fortune of seeing it as the builder designed it
Plessis 城堡，无疑得益于路易十四的财政大臣也是知心朋友的Jean Bourré。 1462年，Jean Bourré得到一个庄园，并且1648年在此基础上开始兴建城堡， 花了5年的时间完成了装潢。
意大利
IT1,The "monster" garden was built by Vicino Orsini between 1552 and 1580. The garden is filled with architectural follies and esoteric statues with hidden philosophical meanings
“魔鬼”城堡兴建于 1552年到1580年之间。 花园的建筑装饰和寓意的雕像充满了哲学意味。
IT2The most splendid villa in northern Lazio. The grandiose pentagonal building by Vignola was built for Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, the grandson of Pope Paul III, in the mid 16th century
意大利北部拉齐奥区最辉煌的庄园。 其中宏伟的五边形建筑16世纪，为教皇保罗三世的孙子兴建。
IT3,The luxurious villa and estate of the Emperor Hadrian built during the 2nd century AD
国王Hadrian的豪华庄园，建于公元2世纪。
IT4,The Villa of the Cardinal Ippolito d'Este is the most famous of all Renaissance residences in Europe with its world famous garden of fountains
红衣主教的Ippolito d'Este 庄园，是整个欧洲文艺复兴时期最著名的遗产，尤其闻名的是其中的山川花园。
IT5,Garden table at the top of the formal gardens of the 16th century villa built by two cardinals
16世纪经典花园的代表， 由两个红衣主教兴建。
IT6,In 1904 Sir Arthur Acton, owner of the villa, started to build the garden located on the back of the building. This garden proposes the classical plan, based on three sloping terraces and on the ars topiaria shaped in a romantic manner
1904年， 庄园主Sir Arthur Acton开始在他房子的后面修建花园。此花园是基于树坡和灌木篱笆的浪漫古典主义风格。
IT7,Villa of Pope Julius III built from a design by Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola between 1551 and 1553. Currently the Italian State Etruscan Museum
教皇 朱立叶斯三世于1551年和1553年兴建，由园艺师Jacopo Barozzi设计。现为 意大利伊特路里亚博物馆。
IT8,The green area in front of the 19th century palace is divided into four green spaces, delimited by box and laurel hedges, with an octagonal pond in the middle. The pond is decorated with four allegoric statues symbolizing the elements: Vulcan, Mercurius, Dionysus and Ocean
19世纪皇宫前面的绿地，被月桂树栏分为4个部分，八角水池居中。
IT9,Between 1575 and 1590, the Cardinal Ferdinando de' Medici, then Grand Duke Ferdinando I, charged Bernardo Buontalenti with the conversion of the ancient residence castle in a noble villa. The major renovations affected the garden, which was transformed into three superimposed terraces in front of the villa
1575年到1590年，红衣教主Ferdinando，后来的Duke Ferdinando公爵一世，聘请Buontalenti改造庄严的城堡遗址。主要的革新是将花园在庄园的前部分为3个 斜坡部分。
IT10,The large 17th century fishpond is bordered by a balustrade ending in a magnificent exedra in tuff that hosts "Leda and the Swan" in a niche. Opposite to the exedra, on the edges of the fishpond there are sculptures of the giants, Arno and Serchio, jetting water
17世纪最大的鱼池，由带有半圆形石椅的栅栏包围着。鱼池边的雕塑有巨人Arno and Serchio， 他们喷着水。
由以上示例可以看出：
爱尔兰的园林艺术，倾向于在古朴的自然的风格。
法国的园林更倾向于对于宫殿和园林的布局的追求。
而意大利的园林，则侧重于以雕塑，建筑来点缀园林。
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[ 本帖最后由 蜡相 于 2005-7-15 15:46 编辑 ] |
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发表于 2005-7-15 04:14