AI驱动的裁员正缩小美国应届毕业生的就业市场AI-driven layoffs are shrinking job market

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AI-driven layoffs are shrinking the job market for recent grads

人工智能驱动的裁员正在缩小美国应届毕业生的就业市场

By Beatrice Nolan 作者：比阿特丽斯·诺兰

AI is becoming a major driver of workforce reductions, with over 10,000 job cuts in the U.S. in 2025 directly linked to automation, according to new data.

最新数据显示，人工智能正成为裁员的主要驱动力，2025年美国有超过1万个工作岗位的削减与自动化直接相关。

Entry-level roles are being hit hardest, as companies look to automate tasks traditionally handled by junior staff.

入门级岗位受冲击最大，因为企业希望将传统上由初级员工承担的任务自动化。

At the same time, the broader job market is slowing, with rising unemployment among recent graduates and young tech workers.

与此同时，整体就业市场正在放缓，应届毕业生和年轻科技工作者的失业率不断上升。

No more new hires if AI can do the job.

如果人工智能能胜任工作，就不再招聘新员工。

That’s what Shopify CEO Tobi Lütke told staff in a memo earlier this year. And he’s not alone.

这就是今年早些时候，Shopify首席执行官托比·吕特克（Tobi Lütke）在一份备忘录中对员工所说的话。而且持这种观点的并非只有他一人。

Over at consulting giant McKinsey, thousands of AI agents have been deployed throughout the company, often picking up tasks previously handled by junior workers.

在咨询巨头麦肯锡，数千个人工智能智能体已在公司内部投入使用，它们常常接手以前由初级员工处理的任务。

At “AI-first” Duolingo, CEO Luis von Ahn is using “AI fluency” to determine who is hired and promoted at the company.

在“AI优先” 的多邻国公司，首席执行官路易斯·冯·安正在利用 “AI熟练度” 来决定公司的招聘和晋升人选。

Across the rest of the Fortune 500, companies are well and truly leaning into their AI efficiency era, and for many, that means more cuts and less hiring.

在其余《财富》500强企业中，各公司正实实在在地迈入人工智能提效时代，对许多公司来说，这意味着更多裁员和更少招聘。

It’s perhaps no surprise that some recent data has pointed to AI becoming one of the top drivers of workforce reductions.

近期一些数据表明，人工智能正成为推动裁员的主要因素之一，这或许并不令人意外。

In the U.S., in the first seven months of 2025 alone, generative AI adoption was directly linked to over 10,000 job cuts, according to new data from outplacement firm Challenger, Gray & Christmas.

根据人力资源咨询公司Challenger, Gray & Christmas的最新数据，仅在2025年前7个月，美国就有超过1万个工作岗位的削减与生成式人工智能的应用直接相关。

The firm now ranks AI among the top five causes of workforce reductions this year.

该公司目前将人工智能列为今年裁员的五大原因之一。

Layoffs are on the rise 裁员人数在上升

Layoffs are surging in the U.S., with companies announcing more than 806,000 job cuts so far in 2025, the highest figure for that period since 2020, according to Challenger, Gray, & Christmas.

根据美国就业咨询公司Challenger, Gray, & Christmas的数据，美国的裁员人数正在激增，2025年至今，各公司已宣布裁员超80.6万人，为2020年以来同期最高水平。

The tech sector has been hit the hardest, with over 89,000 layoffs in the industry alone.

科技行业受冲击最为严重，仅该行业的裁员人数就超过8.9万。

The firm found that more than 27,000 tech job losses since 2023 have been directly attributed to AI-driven redundancy, as companies streamline operations and restructure departments.

该公司发现，自2023年以来，超2.7万个科技岗位流失直接归因于人工智能导致的人员冗余，因为企业在精简运营和重组部门。

At the same time, companies are becoming more selective about who and where they hire.

与此同时，企业在招聘对象和地点方面变得更加挑剔。

Entry-level roles are feeling the worst of this impact as the technology is increasingly good at automating junior-level work. Many firms are seeing easy cost-cutting opportunities at the entry level.

随着技术越来越擅长自动化初级工作，入门级岗位受到的影响最为严重。许多公司看到了在入门级岗位轻松削减成本的机会。

“A lot of entry-level work when you’re fresh out of college is knowledge-intensive jobs where you’re collecting data, transcribing data, and putting together basic visualizations, and learning the organization from the ground up,” Tristan L. Botelho, associate professor of organizational behavior at Yale School of Management, told Fortune.

“刚从大学毕业时，很多入门级工作都是知识密集型工作，比如收集数据、转录数据、制作基本的可视化图表，以及从头开始了解公司架构。”耶鲁大学管理学院组织行为学副教授特里斯坦·L·博特略告诉《财富》杂志。

“AI can do that quite well, and I’ve heard many managers say things like: ‘We can reduce our entry-level headcount.’ … The biggest disruption is likely among these low-level employees, particularly where work is predictable, tech-savvy, or more general.”

“人工智能可以很好地完成这些工作，我听到很多经理说类似这样的话：‘我们可以减少入门级员工数量。’……受影响最大的可能是这些基层员工，尤其是那些工作内容可预测、对技术要求较高或较为通用的岗位。”

According to Handshake, a Gen Z–focused career platform, entry-level job postings, particularly in corporate roles, have dropped 15% year over year.

据专注于Z世代的职业平台Handshake称，初级职位招聘信息，尤其是企业岗位的招聘信息，同比下降了15%。

At the same time, the number of employers referencing “AI” in job descriptions has surged by 400% over the past two years.

与此同时，在职位描述中提及“人工智能”的雇主数量在过去两年里激增了400%。

Gen Z graduates feel the squeeze Z世代毕业生感到压力

Nearly half of Gen Z job seekers in the U.S. say they believe artificial intelligence has made their degrees less valuable, according to a recent survey.

根据最近的一项调查，近一半的美国Z世代求职者表示，他们认为人工智能降低了他们学位的价值。

Fresh graduates also face a tightening job market; the unemployment rate for recent college grads has climbed to an estimated 6% in the 12 months leading up to May, significantly higher than the national average of around 4%.

应届毕业生还面临着就业市场趋紧的局面；在截至5月的12个月里，应届大学毕业生的失业率估计已攀升至6%，明显高于全国平均水平的4%左右。

Young workers in the tech sector are feeling some of the worst of the industry’s slowdown.

科技行业的年轻从业者正感受到行业放缓带来的严重冲击。

The unemployment rate for those ages 20 to 30 in the sector has jumped roughly 3% since the start of the year, according to Joseph Briggs, senior global economist at Goldman Sachs.

高盛集团的全球资深经济学家约瑟夫·布里格斯表示，今年年初以来，该行业20至30岁人群的失业率激增了约3%。

“This is a much larger increase than we’ve seen in the tech sector more broadly, or among other young workers,” Briggs said on the bank’s Exchanges podcast this week.

“与科技行业整体，或者其他年轻从业者相比，这一增长幅度要大得多。” 布里格斯本周在银行的《交流》播客中说道。

Cutting at the entry-level may make sense for a company’s bottom line in the short term; however, organizations that squeeze hiring at the entry level too much could see this strategy backfire in the long term.

从短期来看，削减初级岗位招聘可能对公司的盈利状况有好处；然而，那些过度压缩初级岗位招聘的公司，从长远来看可能会发现这种策略适得其反。

“If a lot of firms are cutting, cutting, cutting at the entry level, there’s a fear that they might actually miss out on the talent that’s going to create their pipeline going forward, that’s going to become the managers, executives, etc.,” Botelho said.

“如果很多公司一直在入门级岗位上裁员，人们担心他们可能会错过那些未来有望进入人才储备库、成为经理、高管等的人才。” 博特略说。